Tomato is one of the most advantageous varieties of vegetables with high economic benefits in China. In recent years, the cultivation of hard-fruit tomato varieties with good storage and transportation and good commercial properties has become more and more popular, and the planting efficiency of tomatoes has become better and better. In many places, a batch of output exceeding 10,000 kg and an output value exceeding 30,000 yuan have emerged. High production and high efficiency production typical.
How to grasp the field management is very important to increase tomato yield and increase planting efficiency. The current technical points of planting seedlings and planting management of tomato are introduced as follows for reference by farmers.
1. Preferred varieties
Try to use low temperature and low light resistance, strong ability to continuously fruit set, low temperature formation under low temperature conditions, normal color change, not easy premature aging in late growth stage, good fruit quality, storage and transportation resistance, good resistance to stress and strong disease resistance .
At present, all localities are speeding up the promotion and application of specialty small tomato and high-quality fruit-type tomato. These tomatoes have unique flavor, sweet and sour taste, rich nutrition and excellent quality. For example, “Hangza 603†can meet diversified market demand. It is suitable for sightseeing and picking, with high efficiency and increasing cultivation area.
2, suitable sowing, cultivate strong seedlings
Wintering cultivation, sowing in mid-September; early spring cultivation, should be planted in the middle and late November. The seedbed should be high-rise, flat, convenient for drainage and drainage, and difficult to be flooded. The transportation is convenient, and equipped with shade nets, greenhouses or small and medium-sized arch sheds. Under low temperature, it can be warmed by electric heating line or warm air equipment. Cold resistant.
Before sowing, it should be soaked and disinfected, picked up and dried before planting. It is recommended to apply intensive seedling technology, put the substrate into the seedling tray and pour water, sow one seed per hole, cover it with vermiculite, and spray water evenly, control temperature, control humidity, germination, conditional seeding machine can be used .
After emergence, scientifically manage water, master the principle of “dry and wet alternatingâ€; also use two-stage seedlings, that is, first seeding in seedling trays or seedbeds, and timely transplanting after emergence.
3, temperature management
The temperature should master the principle of “two highs and two lowsâ€, that is, the temperature before emergence is higher, and the temperature is lower after emergence. In order to prevent the length of the leaves, the leaves are properly raised to promote growth, and the daytime temperature is controlled at 20°C-25°C. The temperature is controlled at 15 °C-20 °C, and the temperature is controlled, water control and seedling are properly controlled before transplanting. Water management should master the principle of “not pouring, pouring, pouring and pouringâ€.
When the temperature is high, do not pour in the evening to prevent the lengthening; after cooling, at noon, water with the same temperature as the environment to prevent flash seedlings; fertilization depends on the type of substrate and the growth of the seedlings, water-soluble fertilizer can be applied in the cotyledons From the unfolding period to the true leaf stage, alternately apply 2-3 times with 2000 times of nutrient solution.
4. Pest control
To prevent the spread of B. tabaci, in order to improve the resistance to bacterial wilt and blight, use resistant rootstocks in 2-4 true leaves and seedling ages of 20-30 days, using the casing method (adhesive method). Or internal fixation method grafting.
The standard of strong seedlings is 12-15 cm in height and 0.5 cm in stem diameter. The grafted parts are well healed, with 4-6 true leaves, and the leaves are thick and thick, the leaves are dark green, and the nodes are compact, and the roots are long. Plate, no pests and diseases.
5, manage the temperature and humidity, do a good job in fertilizer management
Master the principle of “pre-insulation, medium-term temperature promotion, and post-temperature controlâ€. The maximum temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at around 28 °C, and at 10 °C in the evening. After planting, take a small arch shed to keep warm and moisturize.
After planting, it is necessary to water in time to help slow down the seedlings. Before the first spike, generally no top dressing is applied; when the second spike is grown to table tennis, 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu is applied, or 5-10 kg of water-soluble fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation under the membrane. After every half month or so, apply top dressing once (not in the rainy weather).
The above is the main point of management technology of tomato. If we want to guarantee the income of tomato, then these managements can't be sloppy. Just by doing these things well, you can double your income.
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