The live broadcast of early rice has the advantages of saving manpower, eliminating paddy fields, and reducing costs. However, there are also problems with high cultivation risks, which are mainly manifested in the problems of early low-temperature chilling, rot-root dead seedlings, misconduct in the middle and late periods, and serious weed damage. . Therefore, in order to obtain high yields for live early rice, in addition to the varieties with good adaptability and strong cold-resistance, we should seize the “cold-tail warmer†to clear up the crops and effectively strengthen the fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control at all stages of the production. In addition, we must also avoid the risk of "4 levels":
1. Selection of land selection and land preparation criteria 1 Selection of land: Choosing the right place is a prerequisite for ensuring the success of the live broadcast of early rice. Do not use fields with high groundwater levels and inconvenient drainage and irrigation. In particular, use of plots with severe cold leaching and poor sunlight. . 2 Soil preparation quality: It must be “early, shallow, flat and real†4 words. "Breakfast" means that the former crop is plowed immediately after harvest, and the base fertilizer is applied in combination with plowing. "Shallow" means that the ploughing operation should not be too deep. “Ping†means that the field surface should be flat, and the height of the field should not exceed 3 cm. The first time in Daejeon, the seedlings in the lower reaches of the irrigation area should not be flooded, and the height should not be muddy. "Real" means that the surface should not be too soft, the mud should not be too rotten, has been too soft, too bad land to do after the rake till after 1 to 2 days and then sowing is appropriate. Free field direct seeding can be conducted using no-till or shallow ploughing methods.
2. Selecting seeds and seed quality 1 selection: The selection of early rice seed varieties must be done in accordance with local natural conditions and planting planning requirements. In terms of specific operations, it is necessary to select early-middle-maturing, high-yield, and high-quality varieties with strong root-to-body tillering ability, resistance to fertilizer, lodging resistance, large spikes, and moderate growth period. For example, in the northern Hunan area, Zhuliangyou 819, which is suitable for sowing in early April, can be selected. , Luliangyou 996 and conventional rice varieties Shuofeng 2, Chuangfeng No. 1 and so on. 2 Seeding quality: in addition to the normal work of sowing seeds and soaking seeds with pesticide before sowing (Because the early rice often has bastard disease, it is better to soak seed with rice fresh amine solution, or soak seeds after coating with seed coating agent) , but also do a good germination test to determine the seeding rate by germination rate. In general, the amount of hybrid rice used per mu is 2.5 to 3 kg and conventional rice is 5 to 6 kg. Quantitative spreading (points) should be adopted to break the chest buds (that is, the seeds are sown after budding and sprouting). In the sowing, we must bring the scales down the field, block quantitative, and strive to achieve uniform sowing. Harvesting of direct-seeded rice is more difficult than transplanting rice. If it is mechanical harvesting, sowing can be used; if it is manual harvesting, it is recommended to use seeder on-demand.
3. Water management and control group technology 1. Water management: Early-season rice-water treatment is very important, especially during the period from the beginning of greening to the time of 3 leaves and 1 heart. Do not apply water easily to keep the soil moist (as long as the seeds have Enough water can). This will help increase the temperature of the soil and promote the growth of seedlings. After the 3rd leaf stage, shallow water is poured to promote tillering. In the later period, we must keep dry, wet and humid, increase air and raise roots, so as to enhance the lodging resistance of direct seeding rice in the later period. 2 Control group technology: When the tillers reach the predetermined number of panicles (ie, 100,000 to 140,000 basic seedlings per acre), drainage control should be conducted in time. In the process of controlling population growth, in addition to the drainage of fields, it is necessary to combine scientific fertilization, that is, to do more fertilization in the early stage, to promote the early growth of rice seedlings, to increase the number of tillers, to grow up; to use less fertilizer in the medium term to prevent ineffective delivery; When the plants showed defertilization, they should promptly apply the available fertilizers in order to prolong the functional period of the roots and leaves and increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.
4. Prevention and control of rodents and grass pests 1 Prevention and control of rodent pests: Live rice fields are in dry state after sowing for a long time, and they are prone to rat and grass damage. In order to effectively prevent rat damage, it is necessary to plant contiguously; secondly, two or three consecutive injections of rodenticides using rice as a bait are to be released two or three times before sowing about 6 days before planting; The field blocks were filled with semicircle ditch water as a rodent isolation barrier. 2 Weed damage prevention and control: weed control should be combined with agricultural control and chemical control, and we must block and kill the grass buds at the right time to eliminate weeds in the germination and seedling stages. Before planting seedlings after seeding, the weedicides used in direct seeding such as direct seeding and direct seeding rice were used for closed weeding as required; seedlings in the period of 3 to 4 leaves could be used to quickly kill cockroaches, cockroaches, and strong pesticides to kill rice fields. Those intractable grasses, sedges, and 1-year-old broad-leaved weeds create favorable conditions for the vigorous growth of seedlings.
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