The cotton market is optimistic
Last year, China's cotton production, in the area of ​​reduced production, reduced production, due to domestic and foreign cotton production and increased demand, the new cotton prices rose more than the previous year, cotton planting efficiency is better than the previous year. For example, in 2009, the province’s cotton production increased by 268.3 yuan per mu compared with 2008. However, due to the long production cycle and large input of cotton, the benefits of cotton cultivation are still inferior to other economic crops, so the cotton production situation this year is not optimistic. According to a survey of 12 provinces and cities conducted by the China Cotton Technology Association’s Cotton Farmers’ Subcommittee in March this year, the country’s cotton area continued to decline this year, a 2.1% drop from 2009, as the country's cotton area decreased significantly last year. In this year, the global cotton planting area has decreased, cotton stocks have fallen, cotton textiles have increased the gap, consumption has increased, and production is insufficient. Under the situation that domestic and foreign cotton prices have been rising, the prospects for cotton planting this year are promising. According to the analysis of the relevant departments, global cotton production in 2009 fell to 32.2 million tons, 5% lower than the previous year, and output fell for 3 consecutive years; while consumption will increase by 2% to 23.8 million tons; the cotton stock consumption ratio outside China, From 52% in the previous year to 42%; international cotton prices have risen. With the improvement of the world economic situation, the recovery of the domestic cotton textile export market, the demand for cotton has increased substantially, the shortage of supply and demand will further expand, and the price of cotton continues to rise. At the end of February this year, the price of 32 cotton yarns was 21,500 yuan per ton, which was the same period of the previous year. 400 yuan per ton. From this point of view, the situation in this year's cotton production is good. As long as the following cultivation techniques are improved, 30 to 40 yuan per mu can be saved, 30 to 40 kg of chemical fertilizer can be saved, 5 to 8 labor can be saved, and 450 to 800 can be increased per mu. yuan.
Elimination of inferior species and use of improved varieties
Eliminating poor quality varieties and switching to insect-resistant cotton varieties with high yield, good quality, and high potential for yield increase. Insect-resistant cotton hybrids are generally 15%-25% more productive than conventional ones. Change the conventional variety into a hybrid insect-resistant cotton, and do it according to local conditions. If the water and fertilizer conditions are good and pure spring cotton is planted, varieties with long growth period and large potential for yield increase, such as Lumianyan No.15, No.24, No.25, Zhongmiansuo No.53, and No.zazamian No.1, should be selected. To engage in intercropping wheat, we must use good varieties with short growth period, early seeding, early emergence, strong resistance, and high yield, such as Lumianyan No.19. In the face of inadequate cotton varieties this year, unscrupulous traders took the opportunity to sell oilseeds and cottonseeds every other year, and sold the seeds at high prices to injure the farmers. If such seeds are planted, the yield is generally reduced by 2 to 30%. Therefore, cotton farmers should not buy cheap seeds and should purchase them from the regular cotton seed distribution agencies with “certificatesâ€. Once again, farmers are reminded not to plant self-retained species. The low purity of self-retained species and poor insect resistance will lead to severe reductions in cotton production. From the author's field purity test of hybrid cotton varieties, such as the Zhongmiansuo series, Lumianyan series, and Tan cotton series, the hybrid generation with a purity of 98% or more, 85% lesser than the reserved species, and 3 pests with less pests The increase of 11.7 kilograms of lint per mu, an increase of 14,8%, and an increase in income per mu (including the saved value of labor and medicine) is 137.8 yuan. In view of the shortage of improved varieties in 2009, methods such as seedling transplanting, precision seeding and mulching can be promoted.
Improved fertilization technology
Compared with conventional cotton, insect-resistant cotton needs scientific fertilization to produce more. Insect-resistant cotton effectively controlled the damage of cotton bollworms, greatly reduced the loss of budding bells, prospered reproductive growth, and early and more bells, requiring fast and fierce fertility peaks. If traditional fertilization techniques are used, they often do not satisfy the demand, resulting in poor nutrition growth and premature aging. In addition, due to the introduction of insect-resistant genes, insect-resistant cotton has decreased resistance to disease and is prone to diseases such as stem blight of red leaves. Disease is also a cause of premature aging. Potash has the function of enhancing the resistance of cotton, and the effect of preventing disease. The insect-resistant cotton needs to increase potassium fertilizer. If blindly increasing nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and neglecting the use of organic fertilizers and potash fertilizers not only increase the cost of fertilizers, but also often lead to premature or late maturation of cotton, which has a great impact on yield and quality.
(1) Increase organic and potassium fertilizers and reduce N and P fertilizers. Mushi organic fertilizer about 3,000 kilograms, potash 10 to 15 kilograms. Urea 25 to 30 kilograms of traditional urea, superphosphate 50 kilograms, reduced to Urea 12 kilograms of urea, superphosphate 25 kilograms. Combine the above fertilizer with deep soil preparation and less than 15 cm. According to the test, not only does it save 23-28 kilograms of fertilizer per acre, valued at 41-50 yuan, but also increases cotton production by 4.3-7.3 kilograms per acre. (b) Change the flower and boll fertilizer once for two uses. The flowering and bolling period is the most vigorous growth and development of cotton in the life span, and it needs to re-apply flower bell fertilizer. Mushi urea is generally required 25 to 30 kg, potassium fertilizer 10 kg. For the characteristics of fast and concentrated bolling of insect-resistant cotton, two-thirds of the flower and bell-fertilizers are applied at the early flowering stage, and the remaining one-third is applied more than half a month. This will not only satisfy the need for continuous flowering and ringing of cotton, but also effectively prevent the premature growth and premature decay of cotton plants. According to the author's experiment, the flower and boll fertilizer was applied twice, which increased the yield by 5.1% to 6.3% compared with the one applied. (C) change the top fertilizer soil topdressing for foliar topdressing: cotton growth, the roots of the absorption capacity decreased, if fertilization is inadequate, can easily cause premature aging, need to cover top fertilizer. The foliar top dressing top dressing has the advantages of simplicity, quick effect, good effect, and saving fertilizer, and is 2/3 more than soil top dressing.
Improve seed treatment and sowing time
Do a good seed treatment, can emerge 1 to 3 days earlier, more seedlings 5% to 12.4%. The maturity and germination rate of cotton seed last year was relatively low, and it was even more necessary to do a good job of drying seeds, soaking seed, and seed dressing. Shaizhong has the role of killing the germs on the surface of seeds, promoting post-harvest and so on. Select a sunny day before sowing, and even dry the sun for 3 to 5 days to achieve full drying; do not dry on cement floors, iron utensils, etc. to avoid seed damage and affect germination. The effect of selecting coated seeds is good, and the coated seeds are breaded with insecticides, bactericides, and micro-fertilizers, which can protect the growth of cotton seedlings; however, the coated seeds are not suitable for drying or soaking. Wool cottonseed is soaked with "three-opening and one cold" warm soup, which has the functions of disinfection, increase germination and emergence rate. The soaked seeds, according to dry weight of pesticides and pesticides 4:1, mix 3% carbofuran microgranules and mix well and sow for 2 hours.
Accepted in recent years due to the early sowing of cotton, resulting in bad seeds, dead seedlings, lack of seedlings, seedlings, disease, resulting in the inspection of seedlings to use more labor, use more species, resulting in reduced production of lessons, so that appropriate sowing. Spring cotton planting period is stable with 5 centimeters of ground temperature stable at 14 °C ~ 15 °C; mulch film is not too early, comparable to open ground live 3 to 5 days in advance.
Improve planting density and chemical control and pruning technology
Because the bolls of the insect-resistant cotton have little shedding, the potential of the individual plant is large, and the density can be appropriately reduced to implement the planting of the size and size. The plots with good conditions for water and fertilizer are 90 centimeters wide for conventional varieties, 50 centimeters for small rows, and 2500 to 3500 plants per mu. The hybrids are 100 cm in length and 60 cm in small rows, with 2000-3000 strains per mu. In the late stage of insect-resistant cotton, it is easy to prematurely decline, and the number and amount of chemical control are reduced from 3 to 4 times of non-insect-resistant cotton to 2 times. The conventional insect-resistant cotton can be firstly controlled before and after the end of June in Shenglei and early flowering period. According to the growing trend, 1.5-2.5 grams of shrinkage per acre is used, and 40-50 kilograms of clear water is sprayed on the top of the lid; The strong hybrid insect-resistant cotton was sprayed once in mid-July with the first dose and method.
Conventional pruning of cotton is cumbersome and costly. Insect-resistant cotton has a compact plant type and has weak vegetative shoots. Under conditions such as wide row spacing and reduced density, no measures such as detoxification, madness, and beating have no yield-increasing effects and can be simplified. Therefore, only the top heart, no heart, and nourishing branches can be saved. This saves 4~6 labors per acre.
Change single planting to double nesting
Winter wheat, watermelon, vegetables and other crops have a short symbiosis period with insect-resistant cotton, and insect-resistant cotton fields use less pesticide. Intercropping with these crops not only helps expand the cotton area, but also increases cotton production, and it is also higher than pure cotton. , increase 200-400 yuan per mu. (A) Two crops of wheat and cotton are cooked at a ratio of one to two pounds of pure cotton, 200 to 250 kilograms of wheat per acre, and the cotton output is still about 80% of a cooked cotton. In view of the poor wheat seedlings this year, wheat fields and cotton bushes are suitable for local conditions, which is a road to increase income. (b) Between cotton and melon vegetables and other sets, cotton does not reduce production, and can increase 300-400 yuan per mu. Cotton and early-maturity watermelon "21" type intercropping, (2 lines of cotton, 1 line of watermelon), 2000-3000 kilograms of watermelon per mu, 320 to 400 kilograms of seed cotton; cotton and onion "42" type (4 lines of onion , 2 lines of cotton) Intercropping, 3,500-4,500 kilograms of onions per mu, 350-400 kilograms of seed cotton; 2 pairs of cotton and garlic (5 lines of garlic, 2 lines of cotton) intercropping, 1,000 kilograms of garlic per mu 1500 kilograms, produce 350~450 kilograms of garlic sprouts, produce 300~400 kilograms of seed cotton; cotton and potato "21" type (2 lines of cotton, 1 line of potato) intercropping, 1500~2000 kilograms of potato per mu, 350~420 of seed cotton kg. (3) The benefits of watermelon, cotton and peanut are high. In the area of ​​170 cm, a row of watermelons was transplanted in the early spring and covered with arches. In early May, a row of cotton was planted on both sides of the watermelon. In early June, watermelons were harvested, and two rows of peanuts were planted in the middle of the big row. General yield of 2100 kg per mu watermelon, 350 kg of seed cotton, 100 kg peanut production.
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