The nature of hospital sewage refers to sewage generated by hospitals containing pathogens, heavy metals, disinfectants, organic solvents, acids, alkalis, and radioactive materials. The main departments and facilities for sewage generation in hospitals are: treatment rooms, laboratories, wards, laundry rooms, X-ray hospitals, sewage sources and complex components, containing pathogenic microorganisms, toxic and harmful physical and chemical pollutants and radioactive pollution, etc. Characteristics such as pollution, acute infection and latent infection will become an important way to spread the disease and seriously pollute the environment without effective treatment.
1) Hospital sewage is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms such as feces, infectious bacteria and viruses, which are infectious and can cause disease or cause injury;
2) Hospital sewage contains toxic and harmful substances such as acid, alkali, suspended solids, BOD , COD and animal and vegetable oils;
3) Dental treatment, printing and laboratory processes produce heavy metals, disinfectants, organic solvents, etc., some of which are carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic, endangering human health and have long-term effects on the environment;
4) Isotope treatment and diagnosis produce radioactive sewage. Radioisotopes produce a-, β-, and γ-radiation during the decay process, accumulating in the human body and endangering human health.
Hospital wastewater treatment principle
1) The principle of whole process control. Control the whole process of hospital sewage generation, treatment and discharge.
2) The principle of reduction. Strictly manage the internal health and safety management system of the hospital, strictly control and separate the source of sewage and sewage. The domestic sewage in the hospital and the sewage in the sick area are collected separately, that is, the source control, cleaning and diversion. It is strictly forbidden to dispose of the hospital's sewage and sewage into the sewer.
3) Local treatment principles. In order to prevent pollution and hazards in the process of hospital sewage transportation, the hospital must handle it on site.
4) Classification guidelines. According to the nature, scale, sewage discharge direction and regional differences, the hospital sewage treatment classification guidance.
5) The principle of combining standards with risk control. Comprehensive consideration of the basic requirements for the discharge of wastewater from comprehensive hospitals and infectious disease hospitals, and at the same time strengthen the awareness of risk control, and improve the ability to respond to emergencies from the aspects of process technology, engineering construction and supervision and management.
6) Ecological safety principles. Effectively remove toxic and harmful substances in sewage, reduce the production of disinfection by-products during the treatment process and control excessive chlorine in the effluent to protect the ecological environment.
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