Freezing damage to plants is mainly to destroy the membrane structure in the cells on the one hand, and on the other hand to cause metabolic disorders due to the destruction of the membrane. Since the concentration of aqueous solutions in the intercellular spaces is lower than that of the cytosol, extravasation of intracellular water occurs. In order to minimize the damage caused by frost on fruit tree production, combined with the specific situation of different fruit trees in disasters, a series of targeted preventive remedial measures are proposed:
1, irrigation. Irrigation or sprinkling at the beginning of spring can significantly reduce the temperature of the soil and delay germination. After germination, it can be re-irrigated 1 to 2 times before flowering. Generally, it can delay flowering for 2-3 days. In addition, irrigation or sprinkling before frost damage can increase the temperature of the ground and the temperature of the trees, which can prevent and reduce the damage caused by freezing.
2, white. Early spring tree whitening can effectively prevent sunburn, can delay budding and flowering for 3-5 days, whitening can not only prevent freezing, but also can effectively prevent diseases and insect pests. (Formulation: 10 parts of quicklime, 1-2 parts of salt, 35-40 parts of flour). Using the above two measures can delay the flowering period by 5-7 days. After all, the ability of flowers and buds to resist freezing injury is obviously stronger than young fruit.
3, strengthen management, strong tree potential. Frost has caused young fruit, shoots, and leaves of fruit trees to be damaged in varying degrees. To restore the tree vigor as soon as possible, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to supplement the nutrient of the tree, increase the cell fluid concentration of the fruit, and increase the drought resistance of the tree vigor. And resistance to disease, after flowering before the application of fertilizer, chase special fertilizer such as fruit trees and other compound fertilizers, in particular, to do a foliar spray fertilizer.
4, reasonable pruning retreat. For the branches, leaves, and fruits of all trees and varieties, do not rush to prune or remove them in the short term. Use methods of late fruit thinning and multiple fruit retention. Keep undamaged or lightly damaged fruits to ensure multiple results and fruitful results. Loss caused by frost. At the same time, the tree should be pulled to open angles, control the vegetative growth, let it recover naturally.
5, smoke. Smoke is a commonly used method for farmers to deal with freezing injury. The effect of prevention depends on the quality of the raw tobacco, and the high quality orchard temperature is around 2°C. The number of smoke stacks is at least 5-6 piles per acre, evenly distributed in all directions. The grass pile is 1.5 meters high and the bottom diameter is 1.5-1.7 meters. When the grass is piled, it is inserted in a straight line, and several rough wooden rollers are inserted obliquely. The flammables are placed inside the haystack from the hole. The outside of the haystack is covered with a layer of wet grass or wet mud. This way the amount of smoke is sufficient and lasts long. Smoke can be used as straw, weeds, fallen leaves, etc., which can produce a lot of smoke flammable materials. Smoke smoke has a certain effect on slight freezing damage above -2°C. If it is lower than -2°C, the control effect is not obvious.
Nowadays, in some places, the environment is seriously damaged and various natural disasters occur frequently. Therefore, the fruit growers cannot take it lightly, plan on rainy days, watch the weather forecast every day, and make emergency measures in advance.
1, irrigation. Irrigation or sprinkling at the beginning of spring can significantly reduce the temperature of the soil and delay germination. After germination, it can be re-irrigated 1 to 2 times before flowering. Generally, it can delay flowering for 2-3 days. In addition, irrigation or sprinkling before frost damage can increase the temperature of the ground and the temperature of the trees, which can prevent and reduce the damage caused by freezing.
2, white. Early spring tree whitening can effectively prevent sunburn, can delay budding and flowering for 3-5 days, whitening can not only prevent freezing, but also can effectively prevent diseases and insect pests. (Formulation: 10 parts of quicklime, 1-2 parts of salt, 35-40 parts of flour). Using the above two measures can delay the flowering period by 5-7 days. After all, the ability of flowers and buds to resist freezing injury is obviously stronger than young fruit.
3, strengthen management, strong tree potential. Frost has caused young fruit, shoots, and leaves of fruit trees to be damaged in varying degrees. To restore the tree vigor as soon as possible, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to supplement the nutrient of the tree, increase the cell fluid concentration of the fruit, and increase the drought resistance of the tree vigor. And resistance to disease, after flowering before the application of fertilizer, chase special fertilizer such as fruit trees and other compound fertilizers, in particular, to do a foliar spray fertilizer.
4, reasonable pruning retreat. For the branches, leaves, and fruits of all trees and varieties, do not rush to prune or remove them in the short term. Use methods of late fruit thinning and multiple fruit retention. Keep undamaged or lightly damaged fruits to ensure multiple results and fruitful results. Loss caused by frost. At the same time, the tree should be pulled to open angles, control the vegetative growth, let it recover naturally.
5, smoke. Smoke is a commonly used method for farmers to deal with freezing injury. The effect of prevention depends on the quality of the raw tobacco, and the high quality orchard temperature is around 2°C. The number of smoke stacks is at least 5-6 piles per acre, evenly distributed in all directions. The grass pile is 1.5 meters high and the bottom diameter is 1.5-1.7 meters. When the grass is piled, it is inserted in a straight line, and several rough wooden rollers are inserted obliquely. The flammables are placed inside the haystack from the hole. The outside of the haystack is covered with a layer of wet grass or wet mud. This way the amount of smoke is sufficient and lasts long. Smoke can be used as straw, weeds, fallen leaves, etc., which can produce a lot of smoke flammable materials. Smoke smoke has a certain effect on slight freezing damage above -2°C. If it is lower than -2°C, the control effect is not obvious.
Nowadays, in some places, the environment is seriously damaged and various natural disasters occur frequently. Therefore, the fruit growers cannot take it lightly, plan on rainy days, watch the weather forecast every day, and make emergency measures in advance.
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