Promotion and Application of Euonymus fortunei

Speaking of Euonymus fortunei may be unfamiliar to many people. From the outside, it looks more like sisters than holly. But it is more malleable than holly. In Zibo, it can be seen everywhere its various shapes. It can be said that it has completely replaced the holly and has a promising future.

1 Morphological characteristics Euonymus fortunei, Dendrobium nobilis Evergreen broad-leaved plants, is a wild native tree species native to the Yangtze River and Yellow River basin in China. The stem length can reach 5m or more, and the branchlets are gray-green and micro-angled. Shaped, pituitary neurites protruding, stems root everywhere. Leaves opposite, thin leathery, elliptical or ovate, leaf shape varies by species, leaf margins are blunt, leaf surface dark green glossy, leaf veins and abaxially pale green, leaves smooth and glabrous on both sides, into Autumn turns red. Twin dichosum cymules, white and green flowers, flowering from May to July, yellow, red and green pods nearly spherical, mature in October, the seeds are orange and red aril.

There are more than 10 types of Euonymus fortunei. According to the growth pattern of stems, they can be divided into erect growth type, alfalfa growth type, and climbing growth type. According to the shape and size of stem and leaf, they can be divided into Euonymus fortunei and group. Ye Fu-fang, Wrinkled Euonymus fortunei, lobular Euonymus fortunei, etc.; according to the different leaf color can be divided into Euonymus fortunei, Euonymus fortunei, green leaves Euonymus fortunei and other types. We are here to introduce the large-leaved Euonymus fortunei which is widely used in Zibo landscaping.

Euonymus fortunei, native to Shandong Province, is similar in shape and size to holly, but is thinner than holly, and its leaves are shiny and shiny. Spring, summer, and autumn leaves are greenish to green, red in winter, green in spring, and can be formed. Good view. Eupatorium odoratum is a warm and humid climate. Hi light is also resistant to shade. It is more tolerant of drought, waterlogging, and cold-resistant than soil. Compared with holly, its greatest advantage is strong adaptability, strong plasticity, fast growth and strong resistance, easy reproduction and long life. As a native tree species of origin, Zibo has been widely used in landscaping in the past 30 years. For a long time, people used to think that it can only be used for vertical greening. When climbing wall stones and flower trellises, this understanding has limited the application of Euonymus fortunei in landscaping. After 10 years of research, we have discovered that The Euonymus fortunei has great plasticity and is widely used. It is another "star" tree species after the Golden Leaf Privet, and it is worth promoting.

2 Excellent characteristics (ecological habits)

2.1 Adaptable. Euonymus fortunei has a strong adaptability, which is also an important reason for its wide range of uses. As a native tree species in northern China, it has a long history and is suitable for open cultivation in northern China.
2.2 Resistant to cold and high temperature. Eupatorium canola tolerate high temperatures of 40°C. For 1 week of consecutive maximum temperature between 35-38°C with dry hot air and no watering, the color of Euonymus fortunei on the shade is normal, and the wilting is slightly wilting. . Euphorbia cantolerate a low temperature of minus 27°C. According to observations, euonymus can not fall off at minus 22°C. On December 5, 1985, Zibo City dumped heavy snow, and the temperature dropped abruptly to -20°C. The aboveground part of Euonymus japonicus Most freeze-dried, but Euonymus fortunei did not suffer.
2.3 Anti-drought, resistance accumulation. Euonymus fortunei has strong drought resistance, and its drought resistance is superior to that of big leaf yellow yang and gold leaf privet, etc. It can rely on natural precipitation to grow well and reduce the growth of management and protection. At the turn of the spring and summer of 2002, in Zibo drought, the nucleus of the golden color plant adjacent to Euonymus fortunei all died of drought, while Euonymus fortunei only showed thickening of leaf quality, increased aerial roots, and a slightly lower growth potential. Euonymus fortunei can accumulate and immerse in water for 3-5 days without affecting survival.
2.4 extremely shade-resistant. Fufang Tengxiong is also shade-resistant and can grow normally even under shading conditions of 70%. It can be used as an under-ground cover of urban forests or planted on the shady surfaces of buildings and in buildings where sunlight cannot be directly exposed. It can also grow well.
2.5 salt and alkali resistance. Euonymus fortunei has low requirements for soil and strong adaptability. It can normally grow on sandy soil, clay soil, slightly acidic or moderate saline-alkali soil, and is well-established on the saline-alkali soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, but sandy loam is most suitable.
2.6 Resistance to pests and diseases. Euonymus fortunei has fewer pests and diseases, and no pests have been found except for occasional larvae on spring twigs.
2.7 strong growth potential. Euonymus formosanus has strong sprouting ability, is extremely resistant to pruning, is easy to shape and forms quickly, is resistant to transplantation and has strong renewability. Euonymus fortunei grew significantly faster than Euonymus japonicus and Euonymus japonicus, and the growth cycle was long. From March to July, it was the growth peak of Euonymus fortunei. The daily growth was 0.38 cm, and the growth was slow at 0.27 cm from August to September to 10 The monthly growth is on an upward trend, with an average annual growth of 1-1.2 meters. The Euonymus fortunei branches are soft and have a strong sprouting ability. They can be pruned many times a year and cultivated into various shapes. They can also be used as hedges, color blocks, Molded flower beds and slope protection areas are used. Euonymus fortunei is suitable for moderate and heavy pruning. The buds are easily sprouted and the dense crowns are formed. Even if the crown is damaged by humans or animals or is incomplete due to fire, it will self-repair and will not become The crown, the phenomenon of light legs, is unmatched by holly.
Euonymus fortunei root is very developed, special resistance to transplantation, in addition to winter frozen earth, all other seasons can be transplanted, do not need to carry soil ball transplant, bare root transplant survival rate of 95%. This brings convenience to the long-distance transportation of Euonymus fortunei.
2.8 Climbing, strong adhesion, and strong resilience. It can be used as a ground-protecting plant for planting on the ground. A stem-like root sucker can be generated on the stem, roots can be adsorbed and climbed everywhere, clinging to rockery rocks, attaching to trunks, walls, guardrails, etc., and climbing firmly. , make the landscape more color.
2.9 Breeding is easy and the survival rate is high. Mainly using cutting propagation methods, the survival rate is generally above 98%.
2.10 Solid soil. Euonymus formosanus grows on the ground, roots through the roots, densely rooted deep underground, solid soil strength is strong, its upper branches are dense, can greatly reduce the erosion of rainwater, and can effectively prevent the erosion of heavy rainfall on the embankment. The excellent materials that are protected by slopes are also the vanguard species of green hills.
2.11 High ornamental value. Eupatorium wilaya twigs twigs, evergreen in winter and summer, shiny leaves, spring, summer, autumn green, red in winter, green in spring, can form a good landscape, in the winter of all things zero, Fufang The intoxicating red-leaf landscape of Fujiratori adds a lot of color to the land of Northland.
2.12 Anti-air pollution, strong dust retention, and resistance to slimming. The vegetation in the city has poor site conditions. The green soil is mostly unripe raw soil. The lack of moisture and even the construction waste, such as extrusion, dust, automobile exhaust, and other pollution, will cause damage to the vegetation. The site conditions in the road branch are even worse. . In the branch belts of Liuquan Road and Xincun Road in Zibo City, the original planted trees such as Pinus bungeana, Euonymus japonicus, Meyerpodia chinensis, and Chinese rose were eliminated due to poor performance and growth decline after 2-3 years. Only Eupatorium wilfordii was the most representative. All right, it will still be dense and plump until 2005.
2.13 Wide range of fitness. Euonymus fortunei has a very broad application prospect in the future greening of cities and towns. It is currently widely used in landscaping in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and Dalian in China. Applications.

3 Widely used Euonymus fortunei is a species between the vine and the shrub. Euonymus fortunei has the characteristics of a half vine shrub, and its edge nature determines its use is extremely wide. In landscaping, it can be planted as a solitary plant, plexiform or ribbon, or it can be planted in blocks or sheets. It can be used for plane greening, as well as for vertical greening and three-dimensional greening. It is a hedge, green ball, and green bed. One of the preferred tree species for greening, green color patches, etc., is also the commonly used tree species for vertical greening covering the wall surface, altar margins, rocks, rock faces, or climbing over trunks, lattices, and scaffolds. Euonymus formosanus grows, is extensively managed, and has low conservation costs. It is the first choice of evergreen wood native plants to replace turf, and it is also an ideal ground cover for large squares, green spaces, roads, railways, slope protection, road protection, and high-rise buildings. At the same time, it is also a pioneer species of afforestation and soil and water conservation in mountain areas.
Before the 1970s in Zibo City, holly was widely used in urban and rural gardens and afforestation, large-scale planting, and Euonymus fortunei were planted only sporadically. The practice of many years of cultivation has proved that it has rapid growth and renewal and pruning Modeling, salt and alkali resistance, anti-cold and anti-pollution, diseases and insect pests, wide range of suitable advantages. Since the 1980s, Zibo City has begun to implement the "Yifang rattan greening and beautification project." It has gradually replaced holly and berberine, which are widely used in urban and rural afforestation, and gradually formed the local greening characteristics of Zibo City. Since the 1990s, Euonymus fortunei has completely replaced Holly, which has been widely used in urban and rural gardening and greening of national roads, highways, afforestation of green areas, and land and water conservation in Zibo City. It has become a major tree species for urban landscape greening and barren hills. A good afforestation and beautification effect has been achieved, and Zibo's unique greenery landscape has been formed.
In the process of establishing the standards for the acceptance of provincial garden cities, Zifang City’s local afforestation characteristics of the Euonymus fortunei have won the praise of domestic experts and scholars, and it is agreed that in the future urban greening, Euonymus fortunei has a very broad prospect for application and promotion.

The use of Euonymus fortunei in greening:
3.1 Climbing plants. This is the original use of Euonymus fortunei. It is an excellent evergreen climbing plant that can climb 4-5 meters high with aerial roots and is used for rockery, flower walls, rocks, railings, scaffolds, etc. There is a hollow lattice wall in the peace district of Zibo City, and the branches of Fufang Fujimia are drilled and drilled on both sides of the wall to form a beautiful garden view in harmony with the two walls.
3.2 Do sub-cars with green plants. With the gold leaf privet, red maple leaves, do color or mold flower bed material. The selection of plant species in the sub-vehicle belt has always been one of the key topics for research in the garden research department, because most seedlings are difficult to adapt to the conditions of sub-vehicles with dry and dusty, severe exhaust, and high temperature in summer and cold in winter, and prone to premature aging. It is not appropriate to plant tall plants in branch vehicles with greenery, and it is most suitable to plant ground cover plants. Euonymus fortunei is the preferred tree species. It grows on flat ground, and if it is properly pruned 1-2 times per year, it can form smooth and excellent evergreen land. The greening effect is better than that of melon seeds, cypress, Cypress, and Euonymus japonicus. Ziyue City, Dongyue Road, Huaguang Road, sub-car with color blocks, are mainly Fufang vine, together with the gold leaf privet and red maple leaves, forming a green and yellow color contrast, the effect is excellent, sub-car with Site conditions such as soil, moisture and nutrients are poor, air pollution and dust pollution are also very serious, but Euonymus fortunei is very adaptable and grows well. It outperforms gold leaf privet and red leaf peony. In the large area of ​​the lawn, it is matched with the leaves of the leaves and the privets of the gold leaf. The effect of the color blocks or the mold flower bed is very good. The growth performance is better than that of the cypresses. The price is only 1/2-1 of the cypresses. /3.
3.3 Doing hedges and modeling. Euonymus fortunei has been well-trimmed, hedged, and modeled. It is a superior material that outperforms Holly and Cypress. It is characterized by the fact that the leaves do not dry and can be recovered quickly after being damaged. The ball does not reveal a little branch from top to bottom. If it is vandalized, it will be repaired automatically within six months, and plants such as Cypress will not be easily restored after being destroyed. On both sides of the highway on Zhangtian Road in Zibo City, formerly planted lobular lobular privet balls. After the pruning maintenance fees were too high and the winter landscape was poor, they were all changed to Fufang Sepak takraw. The diameter of Fufangfang has reached 1.5 meters. In the Bishagang Park in Zhengzhou, the spherical shape of the Chinese euonymus can be as high as 5m.
3.4 Be protected on slopes. After the growth of Euonymus fortunei has been properly inhibited, the lateral growth capacity becomes very strong. With this feature, slope-greening materials can be used. Twelve 20-centimeter diameter balls with a diameter of 20 centimeters per square meter are planted and 1-2 times trimmed. In the year, dense and flat evergreens can be formed. Euonymus fortunei has become the first choice in the north because of its embarrassing nature and evergreen, especially winter evergreen. In northern China, it is incomparable to any kind of herbaceous plant. It is an excellent wooden native plant that replaces turf. Compared with various lawns, it has extensive management and low maintenance cost. In northern China, it can increase greenness and can also play a role. The role of fire prevention is that any kind of turf can not be, is a large square, green space, street tree pool, highway slope protection, roof high-level green ideal ground cover plants. The greening of slopes along the banks of the Yulong River in Zibo City has adopted the following materials: Yingchun, Hongyexiaojing, Ligustrum lucidum, Euonymus fortunei, and Kentucky bluegrass. Euonymus fortunei has the best effect, the strongest adaptability, and quickly covers the ground. The effect and the effect of the waterproof flow erosion are the best, the management is labor-saving and the holding time is long.

4 Promotional prospects Euonymus fortunei has excellent garden quality and is the first tree species for greening in the north. In the future greening of towns, Euonymus fortunei has a very broad prospect for application and promotion. Since the 1980s, we have devoted ourselves to the collection, selection, cultivation and promotion of Euonymus fortunei and formed a complete set of technical solutions for cultivation management, promotion and application, providing powerful support for the promotion and application of Euonymus fortunei in our country. Technical Support.

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