Peanut fruit rot is also known as “peanut rotten fruit diseaseâ€. In recent years, it has become more common in major peanut producing areas such as Daming, Xinle, Dingzhou, Tangtang and Yixian in our province, especially in places where many years have been planted. In the year of the flood season, when it encounters more rain, the incidence will be more serious. According to the survey, affected land is cut by 20%, and severely reduced by more than 50%. The disease has become a major disease in peanut production, posing a very serious threat to the yield and quality of peanuts. In terms of production, the occurrence of this disease is more common and the prevention and control of the disease is more difficult. Comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out in a combination of ways to increase output and quality, and thus increase planting efficiency.
One, cause analysis
Peanut fruit rot mainly manifests itself in rotting peanut fruit. The light half of the loquat fruit is brown or black. The inside kernels are small and hard, stunted, and the peels are yellow. The severe whole follicles are dark-black, and the peels and nuts are It has rotted and generally occurs in whole plants or spots. Peanuts entered the harvest period in July until the harvest period, and they all have the possibility of onset. There are many causes of peanut fruit rot, especially Fusarium fungi-based soil-borne pathogens, and then due to the lack of calcium in the soil, once again caused by earthworms and other underground pest bite or infection.
Second, control methods
1. The rotation is down. According to the investigation, the spring peanuts planted in the main peanut producing areas in our province are mostly sandy beaches along the banks of the river. This type of plot is most suitable for planting peanuts. Therefore, the phenomenon of heavy peanut planting is extremely serious. As a result of continuous crop failure, the accumulation of harmful bacteria in the soil has increased year by year. At the same time, some toxic substances have also been secreted by peanut roots, and farmers’ dependence on chemical fertilizers has become stronger, resulting in a higher degree of soil salinization. The growing soil environment deteriorated significantly, so that the quality of peanut seedlings was not high and it was very easy to induce fruit rot. In order to reduce the incidence of this disease, it should be done in scientific rotation and planted two to three years later.
2. Change in different places. Peanut itself is a kind of conventional production, some farmers do not have the concept of superior seeds and the concept of changing varieties, holding an old variety planted for three years, five years, or even eight years, ten years, do not pay attention to the selection of pure rejuvenation in the production process, leading to The species has experienced severe degenerative deterioration, deterioration of quality, reduced yield, and increased susceptibility, especially for fruit rot caused by soil-borne diseases. To this end, the use of different methods of changing crops can not only reduce the occurrence of diseases, but also maximize the output of peanuts. For example, growers in Hebei should purchase peanut seeds from Shandong and Henan. According to a survey of production trials, peanuts grown in different places can increase production by 15% to 30%.
3. Balanced fertilization. Peanut is a kind of economic crop that needs more fertilizer, especially for phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer. In addition, the addition of calcium, sulfur, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron and other micro-fertilizers can significantly increase the output and quality of peanut, and reduce Incidence of disease. For the sandy lands with poor soil fertility, livestock manures such as ring fertilizer, manure, and chicken manure must be added. In accordance with the principle of economic benefits, fertilizers can use the combination of urea + phosphate fertilizer + potash fertilizer. After the peanut enters the pod stage, nitrogen, potassium fertilizer or compound fertilizer is topdressed twice. Fertilization at the later stage can significantly reduce the incidence of disease and increase peanut production. In addition, the incorporation of appropriate amount of biological bacterial fertilizer in the base fertilizer can greatly increase the content of beneficial bacteria in the soil, reduce the content of harmful bacteria, and have obvious effects on preventing the occurrence of fruit rot.
4. Chemical seed dressing. The test showed that the use of fungicides and insecticides in one seed dressing before seeding peanuts can effectively reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests, and has a significant effect in preventing the occurrence of fruit rot. Can choose Shile, Gao Qiao, carbendazim and so on.
5. Early prevention and pest control. Peanuts, once infected with deadly diseases such as root rot and stem rot, can also cause fruit rot. Earthworms such as earthworms, golden worms, and ground tigers will bite fruit and leave wounds on the pods. The wounds will be susceptible to germs, especially the large number of Fusarium bacteria in the soil will spread easily, causing fruit rot. To this end, it is necessary to scientifically prevent, prevent and treat pests and diseases as soon as possible, and take preventive measures.
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