The scientific use of pesticides to control pests and weeds in crop fields is one of the important means for ensuring high-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency agricultural production. However, due to the fact that most of our country's rural areas are mostly households that use pesticides dispersedly, the medicine and technology used are very backward, resulting in a large amount of waste of pesticides, resulting in human and animal poisoning, crop injury, drug resistance, decreased control efficiency, and environmental pollution. The occurrence of series problems has caused great losses to agricultural production and people's lives. In response to this problem, after years of research, the Chinese scientists created the "pesticide target spray" theory and application of new technologies. Practice has proved that the use of this new technology can achieve the goal of "one high and one minus two provinces." "One high: It is to increase the effective precipitation rate of pesticides on crops from about 30% of the original application methods to more than 60%; “One reduction†means that the amount of pesticides entering the environment is reduced by 1/2, and environmental pollution is reduced, and “two provinces†are the first to save 50% to 90% of pesticides, and the second is to save about 90% of water. The technical briefs are as follows:
First, the low-volume spray technology refers to the use of diluted pesticides diluted slightly in water on a unit area with no change in the amount of application. The water consumption is 1/5 to 1/10 that of conventional spray technology. This technology is very simple to use. Simply replace the large-aperture jet of a conventional sprayer with a small-aperture jet with an aperture of 0.3 mm. The use of this technology can greatly improve the efficiency of operations, reduce the loss of pesticides, save a lot of water, significantly improve the effectiveness of prevention and control, effectively overcome the wet hazard caused by conventional spray to the greenhouse. This technology, especially suitable for greenhouse applications and water-scarce mountain applications, is very popular with farmers.
Second, electrostatic spray technology in the spray equipment installed high-voltage electrostatic generator, the operation through the high-voltage electrostatic generator, so that sprayed liquid spray droplets on the surface of the crop leaves increased significantly, the effective utilization of pesticides up to 90 %, thus avoiding a large number of pesticides from entering the farmland soil and the atmosphere.
Third, the "pilling" application technology This application technology is suitable for paddy fields. For water-soluble pesticides used in paddy fields, “pilling†pesticide application techniques are effective. Just spread the processed pills evenly on the farmland, which can improve the work efficiency by more than ten times than the conventional application method, and there is no pesticide drift phenomenon, effectively preventing the crop stems and leaves from suffering phytotoxicity, and does not pollute the neighboring crop.
Fourth, the circular spray technology is designed and modified on the conventional sprayer, and the drug returning device is installed on the opposite side of the sprayer. The liquid that has not been deposited on the target plant is collected and then pumped back into the medicine box so that the pesticide can be recycled, which can greatly increase the effective utilization rate of the pesticide and avoid the invalid loss of the pesticide.
Fifth, drug roller smearing technology This technology is mainly used to prevent systemic herbicides. The medicinal liquid seeps out from the surface of the medicine roller through a medicine roller (a kind of disposable medicine cylinder made of a foam material capable of absorbing the liquid medicine), and the medicine roller only needs to contact the upper blade of the weed to be effective. This application method can almost completely apply the pesticide on the surface of the target plant, and does not cause liquid spillage or dripping. The utilization rate of pesticide can reach 100%.
Sixth, electronic computer application technology has been widely promoted in the United States and other developed countries. This technology uses an electronic computer control system on an orchard sprayer. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to determine the shape of the fruit tree, so that pesticide spray characteristics are automatically adjusted based on changes in the shape of the fruit tree. Electronic computer control systems are used for pesticide application, which can greatly improve the operating efficiency and the effective utilization of pesticides. The emergence of this new technology represents the development direction of pesticide use technology. At present, some research departments and production units in China have been applied and have achieved good results.
The above several new application technologies not only have good control effect and high work efficiency, but also greatly reduce the amount of pesticides used. They not only protect the ecological environment, but also show huge economic, ecological, and social benefits, and have broad application prospects. Promote local conditions.
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