In the process of growth and development of rapeseed, it is necessary to absorb a variety of nutrient elements. Once a certain element is lacking, it will show the corresponding deficiency symptoms through the external shape of the plant. Production is used as a diagnosis of deficiency diseases and remedial measures are taken. in accordance with.
Nitrogen deficiency nitrogen is the most important element in the growth and development of rapeseed. In the absence of nitrogen, the plants grew thin and thin, and the leaves were small and small, yellow-green to yellow, and the edges of the lower leaves of the stem had reddening and gradually expanded to the veins; the number of effective branches and pods were greatly reduced, and the grain weight was also correspondingly Reduced, significantly reduced production. Remedial measures: Nitrogen deficiency at seedling stage, 15 to 25 kg of ammonium per acre, or 750 to 1000 kg of human waste to be applied to water; late nitrogen deficiency, with 1% to 2% urea solution foliar Spraying.
Phosphorus-deficient rapeseed is a phosphorus-loving crop, and its demand for phosphorus is more than double that of cereal crops. In the absence of phosphorus, the plants are short, with slow growth, delayed leaf emergence, small leaf area, dark green leaves, lack of luster, purplish red spots or patches on the edges, leaf veins on the back of leaf petioles and leaves turning purple; poor root development. The number of pods and 1000-grain weight significantly decreased, and the oil yield decreased. In addition, according to hydroponic experiments, if the true leaf of rape begins to lack phosphorus, the leaves of rapeseed are few, and the leaves are small. They can only convulsive, can not be strong, and the particles are not received; the phosphorus deficiency begins at the five-leaf stage, and the yield is reduced, only phosphorus nutrition. 0.44% of the normal supply; phosphorus depletion at the ten-leaf stage, the output increased significantly, 27.8% of the normal supply of phosphorus nutrition. Remedial measures: Phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage, with 25-30 kg of superphosphate per acre topdressing or pouring water, the earlier the better the effect; later with 1% of superphosphate calcium leachate foliar spray.
Potassium deficiency potassium has significant effects on the growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of rapeseed. In the absence of potassium, the plants tend to wilt, the seedlings are wormy, the parts between the veins are convex upwards, and the leaves are bowed; the leaves are darker, usually dark blue-green, chlorotic between the leaf margins or veins, initially often in the form of a needle Spots, the final plaque necrosis, the leaves completely dead when potassium deficiency is severe, but do not fall off. According to observations by the Institute of Petroleum Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, rapeseed under extreme potassium depletion conditions, compared with normal rapeseeds for potassium, postponed to the ten-leaf stage by about 7 days after emergence, and delayed emergence of the bud stage by about 20 days; Potassium-deficient plants begin to die at flowering. Remedy: Early lack of potassium, per acre with 7 to 10 kg of potassium chloride or 75 to 100 kg of planting ash ditch topdressing; later with 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliar spray.
Magnesium deficiency rapeseed lacks magnesium, the leaves appear yellow purple and green purple and white spots. Remedial measures: The magnesium deficiency was found and the leaves were sprayed with 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution in time.
Sulfur deficiency When rape is low in sulfur, the plants are dwarf and pale green, which is similar to nitrogen deficiency. There are large nicks on the margins of the leaves, which collapse into cups. The back, veins and stems of the leaves turn purple. Remedial measures: In combination with cultivator, 1 to 2 kg of sulphur powder per hectare, or 50 kg of gypsum powder. In addition, proper addition of ammonium sulfate and other sulfur-containing fertilizers also have good results.
Boron-deficient rapeseed is a boron-tolerant crop, its boron content in dry matter is 32.5-36 times higher than that of wheat, rice and other grass crops; generally, when there are more plants in the field with symptoms of boron deficiency, at least 20% to 30% reduction, Almost no harvest when serious. The symptoms vary greatly depending on the degree of boron deficiency. In severe cases, they are atrophied and die at seedling stage, and mild individuals develop symptoms after flowering. The roots of the diseased plants are stunted. The fibrous roots are not long, the epidermis turns brown, some root and neck enlarge, and the cortex cracks. The leaves become dark green at first, the leaf shape becomes smaller, the leaf mass becomes thicker, becomes brittle, the leaf ends are rewinded, and the leaf is not flat. Then it turned purple from the edge of the lower middle of the leaf, and developed into the interior, and then became blue-purple; the yellow veins and its nearby tissues turned yellow, resulting in the formation of blue and purple patches. Finally, some leaf margins die and the entire leaf turns yellow and falls off early. After twitching, the growing point atrophies or dies, the blastocyst splits, the transmission system and fertilization are destroyed, the carbohydrates are retained in the leaves, the flowering is slow, the inflorescences are shortened, the small branches are clustered, the flowering is not strong (commonly known as "flowers but not real"). ) or grain is not full, mature corner fruit as short as radish. The epidermis of keratinocytes and culms becomes purple-red or blue-purple, longitudinal slits appear in the middle and lower cortex of the stems, and cracks appear in the upper part. Prevention and remedial measures: 1 Boron-poor soil, and 0.5 to 1 kilograms of borax was used as basal fertilizer for soil preparation; seedlings transplanted with rape were used, and 15 to 25 kg of boron-magnesium fertilizer was applied before transplanting. The effect was good. 2 In rape seedlings, before bolting, during the early flowering period or when boron deficiency is found in the plants, foliar spraying with 0.1% to 0.2% borax solution is used.
Manganese deficiency manganese deficiency, the plant dwarf, symptoms of chlorosis, yellow and white young leaves, green veins, stem growth weakness, yellow-green, more woody, flowering and the number of results decreased. Remedial measures: Manganese deficiency was found, and foliar spraying with 0.1% to 0.2% manganese sulfate solution was applied in time.
Zinc deficiency Zinc deficiency begins with the leaf margin, fades into a grayish white color, and then develops towards the middle, with yellow patches of leaf. The leaves of the diseased leaves did not shrink, and the leaves with heavy albino in the middle and lower parts rolled outwards and the tip of the leaves drape. Prevention and remedial measures: 0.5 to 0.75 kg of zinc sulfate per d in the seedling stage is used for ditching; when the plants have symptoms of zinc deficiency, they are sprayed with 0.2% zinc sulfate solution.
When molybdenum-deficient mosses lack molybdenum, the leaves wither or scorch, usually twisted in a spiral, the old leaves thicken, and the plants cluster. Remedial measures: The lack of molybdenum was promptly sprayed with 0.01% to 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution.
Nitrogen deficiency nitrogen is the most important element in the growth and development of rapeseed. In the absence of nitrogen, the plants grew thin and thin, and the leaves were small and small, yellow-green to yellow, and the edges of the lower leaves of the stem had reddening and gradually expanded to the veins; the number of effective branches and pods were greatly reduced, and the grain weight was also correspondingly Reduced, significantly reduced production. Remedial measures: Nitrogen deficiency at seedling stage, 15 to 25 kg of ammonium per acre, or 750 to 1000 kg of human waste to be applied to water; late nitrogen deficiency, with 1% to 2% urea solution foliar Spraying.
Phosphorus-deficient rapeseed is a phosphorus-loving crop, and its demand for phosphorus is more than double that of cereal crops. In the absence of phosphorus, the plants are short, with slow growth, delayed leaf emergence, small leaf area, dark green leaves, lack of luster, purplish red spots or patches on the edges, leaf veins on the back of leaf petioles and leaves turning purple; poor root development. The number of pods and 1000-grain weight significantly decreased, and the oil yield decreased. In addition, according to hydroponic experiments, if the true leaf of rape begins to lack phosphorus, the leaves of rapeseed are few, and the leaves are small. They can only convulsive, can not be strong, and the particles are not received; the phosphorus deficiency begins at the five-leaf stage, and the yield is reduced, only phosphorus nutrition. 0.44% of the normal supply; phosphorus depletion at the ten-leaf stage, the output increased significantly, 27.8% of the normal supply of phosphorus nutrition. Remedial measures: Phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage, with 25-30 kg of superphosphate per acre topdressing or pouring water, the earlier the better the effect; later with 1% of superphosphate calcium leachate foliar spray.
Potassium deficiency potassium has significant effects on the growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of rapeseed. In the absence of potassium, the plants tend to wilt, the seedlings are wormy, the parts between the veins are convex upwards, and the leaves are bowed; the leaves are darker, usually dark blue-green, chlorotic between the leaf margins or veins, initially often in the form of a needle Spots, the final plaque necrosis, the leaves completely dead when potassium deficiency is severe, but do not fall off. According to observations by the Institute of Petroleum Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, rapeseed under extreme potassium depletion conditions, compared with normal rapeseeds for potassium, postponed to the ten-leaf stage by about 7 days after emergence, and delayed emergence of the bud stage by about 20 days; Potassium-deficient plants begin to die at flowering. Remedy: Early lack of potassium, per acre with 7 to 10 kg of potassium chloride or 75 to 100 kg of planting ash ditch topdressing; later with 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliar spray.
Magnesium deficiency rapeseed lacks magnesium, the leaves appear yellow purple and green purple and white spots. Remedial measures: The magnesium deficiency was found and the leaves were sprayed with 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution in time.
Sulfur deficiency When rape is low in sulfur, the plants are dwarf and pale green, which is similar to nitrogen deficiency. There are large nicks on the margins of the leaves, which collapse into cups. The back, veins and stems of the leaves turn purple. Remedial measures: In combination with cultivator, 1 to 2 kg of sulphur powder per hectare, or 50 kg of gypsum powder. In addition, proper addition of ammonium sulfate and other sulfur-containing fertilizers also have good results.
Boron-deficient rapeseed is a boron-tolerant crop, its boron content in dry matter is 32.5-36 times higher than that of wheat, rice and other grass crops; generally, when there are more plants in the field with symptoms of boron deficiency, at least 20% to 30% reduction, Almost no harvest when serious. The symptoms vary greatly depending on the degree of boron deficiency. In severe cases, they are atrophied and die at seedling stage, and mild individuals develop symptoms after flowering. The roots of the diseased plants are stunted. The fibrous roots are not long, the epidermis turns brown, some root and neck enlarge, and the cortex cracks. The leaves become dark green at first, the leaf shape becomes smaller, the leaf mass becomes thicker, becomes brittle, the leaf ends are rewinded, and the leaf is not flat. Then it turned purple from the edge of the lower middle of the leaf, and developed into the interior, and then became blue-purple; the yellow veins and its nearby tissues turned yellow, resulting in the formation of blue and purple patches. Finally, some leaf margins die and the entire leaf turns yellow and falls off early. After twitching, the growing point atrophies or dies, the blastocyst splits, the transmission system and fertilization are destroyed, the carbohydrates are retained in the leaves, the flowering is slow, the inflorescences are shortened, the small branches are clustered, the flowering is not strong (commonly known as "flowers but not real"). ) or grain is not full, mature corner fruit as short as radish. The epidermis of keratinocytes and culms becomes purple-red or blue-purple, longitudinal slits appear in the middle and lower cortex of the stems, and cracks appear in the upper part. Prevention and remedial measures: 1 Boron-poor soil, and 0.5 to 1 kilograms of borax was used as basal fertilizer for soil preparation; seedlings transplanted with rape were used, and 15 to 25 kg of boron-magnesium fertilizer was applied before transplanting. The effect was good. 2 In rape seedlings, before bolting, during the early flowering period or when boron deficiency is found in the plants, foliar spraying with 0.1% to 0.2% borax solution is used.
Manganese deficiency manganese deficiency, the plant dwarf, symptoms of chlorosis, yellow and white young leaves, green veins, stem growth weakness, yellow-green, more woody, flowering and the number of results decreased. Remedial measures: Manganese deficiency was found, and foliar spraying with 0.1% to 0.2% manganese sulfate solution was applied in time.
Zinc deficiency Zinc deficiency begins with the leaf margin, fades into a grayish white color, and then develops towards the middle, with yellow patches of leaf. The leaves of the diseased leaves did not shrink, and the leaves with heavy albino in the middle and lower parts rolled outwards and the tip of the leaves drape. Prevention and remedial measures: 0.5 to 0.75 kg of zinc sulfate per d in the seedling stage is used for ditching; when the plants have symptoms of zinc deficiency, they are sprayed with 0.2% zinc sulfate solution.
When molybdenum-deficient mosses lack molybdenum, the leaves wither or scorch, usually twisted in a spiral, the old leaves thicken, and the plants cluster. Remedial measures: The lack of molybdenum was promptly sprayed with 0.01% to 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution.
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