At present, it is the peak period of spring oyster vegetable exchange. Compared with the summer vegetable change, the winter vegetables have a shorter time to change, and there are many unpleasant environments. Therefore, there are many problems after the change. Due to the large amount of fertilization in successive years of cultivation, the eutrophication of soil in greenhouses is relatively serious, and some vegetable farmers are not allowed to purchase fertilizers and fertilization methods, resulting in changes in soil physical properties and adversely affecting the growth of vegetables. Here are some suggestions for farmers.
1, plow bottom must be broken
Due to planting for successive years, a plough base layer was formed under the plowing layer of about 25 cm using machinery such as a rotary tiller. The humus in the bottom layer of the plough significantly reduced, the bulk density was large, the total porosity was small, and the pores of the multi-capillary tubes resulted in poor air permeability, poor water permeability, and difficulty in root rooting. Due to the existence of the plough bottom layer, various types of fertilizers applied are concentrated in about 20 cm of plough layer soil, which makes the plough layer soil eutrophic. It is also difficult for water to infiltrate below the plough bottom, and the capillary can easily guide groundwater to carry more minerals, which can easily lead to the emergence of salinization.
Therefore, deep-rolling machines, such as ploughs, trenchers, deep-draft machines, etc., can be used with machines deeper than 25 cm to change the bottom of the plough, allowing more even distribution of the base fertilizer. Soil permeability is good, which helps to deepen the roots, but also avoid a lot of fertilization to make the surface of the soil eutrophic, when watering can carry more nutrients into the deep soil, on the one hand to guide the roots to grow downward, on the other hand Improve soil permeability.
2, do not rely too much on potassium
According to the soil testing situation in recent years, the potassium content in the soil has gradually increased, and the potassium content of some greenhouse soils has been seriously exceeded, which is very unfavorable to the growth of vegetables. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use potassium again for soils that have been found to have excessive potassium levels after detection.
Although potassium is good for vegetables, it does not mean that the more potassium, the faster the fruit expansion, the higher the yield, but will also seriously reduce production. Excessive potassium fertilizer seriously affects the movement and absorption of trace elements in soil, such as calcium and magnesium ions. The soil type in most parts of our province is dominated by calcareous. This type of soil is rich in calcium and magnesium ions, including groundwater, so there is no lack of calcium and magnesium ions in the soil, but vegetables often appear to be deficient in calcium. Magnesium causes bad head, yellow head, and umbilical rot. This shows that the excessive potassium ions in the soil have a great influence on calcium and magnesium. It is suggested that after soil testing, if there is a situation where the potassium fertilizer exceeds the standard, the farmers will not need to apply more potassium fertilizer. Instead, they must consider how to remove the excess potassium fertilizer in the soil or activate it for root absorption and utilization.
3, use soil conditioner with caution
In many vegetable growing areas, soil conditioners are selling very well. Of course, this is inseparable from the propaganda of businesses. The soil conditioning agent is mainly based on steel slag phosphate fertilizer, which is a kind of alkaline fertilizer. It has a good improvement effect on acidified soil and can also add calcium and magnesium and other elements. So, is it possible to use soil conditioners for all greenhouse soils?
the answer is negative. According to the data, the pH of suitable soil for the growth of vegetables is usually 6 to 7.5. If the pH is less than 6, proper use of alkaline fertilizers is required to adjust. Most of our province is a weakly alkaline calcareous soil, and soil acidification usually does not occur when growing vegetables. If you continue to use alkaline fertilizers such as steel slag and phosphate fertilizer, it will inevitably lead to alkalinization of the soil. In the alkaline soil, if nitrogen fertilizer is used excessively, a large amount of ammonia easily occurs, resulting in gas damage.
4, ditch Shi, points Shi manure should be cautious
When the vegetables are changed, the best base fertilizer application method is to use the entire shed and deep-deep, but there are still many places such as fertilization and application methods. Groove Shi, acupuncture points have nutrient concentration, long supply time and other benefits, but the fertilization method should pay attention.
The first is where fertilizers are applied. The furrows and points of fertilization should maintain a certain distance from the root system. Do not use the fertilizer directly under the root system, although the concentration of nutrients is not conducive to the root system. Followed by the selection of fertilizers for ditch application and hole application. Manure must be completely decomposed, to avoid the roots in the soil fermented decomposed and burned; commodity organic fertilizer to choose a brand with excellent quality, so as not to burn the trees.
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