With the rapid development of the three rural economy, more and more people are doing farming. As people's living standards improve, the demand for beef is also growing. In the breeding industry, the breeding of fat cattle is more cost-effective. One, then how can we make beef cattle fatten quickly? Today, Cherry Little Girl teaches you some key techniques for beef cattle 100-day fattening. Friends who are interested in beef cattle fattening will come with Cherry Little Girl!
One: the choice of fattening cattle source
1.1 Variety
Can choose the excellent breed beef cattle imported from abroad, Simon Tower is sick
1.2 age
The use of healthy and disease-free 1~1.2 year old cattle is most suitable for fattening; 3~4 year old shelf cattle can also be fattened; 5 years old or older adult cattle or old and old eliminated cattle have better fattening effect.
1.3 Body shape and appearance
The selected cows generally require a large body, a glossy coat, a thick skin and a little slack, a clear eyes, a broad mouth, a narrow neck and a thick neck, a wide shoulder, a deep chest, a long ridge, and a round belly. The hindquarters are wide and wide, and the side view is rectangular. It looks like a "brick" shape, a thick tail, a thick limb, especially a thick thigh.
Two: Selected fattening methods
According to the length of the fattening period, it is divided into short-term fattening (about 100d), shelf cattle fattening (about 150d) and continuous fattening (10~12 months). As for the method to be adopted, the age of the cow, the fattening technique, and the feed should be considered.
Three: preparation before fattening
3.1 Cleaning and disinfection
When the cows enter the market, they must do a thorough cleaning of the cattle, cattle and the site.
3.2 Deworming
The introduced bovine should be dewormed within 48 hours. The commonly used broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs are levamisole hydrochloride, albendazole, afudine, etc., at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, and the ectoparasites should be treated promptly.
3.3 stomach
7~8d after entering the market, all the cows were cured with Jianwei Powder. Weighing 250g under 250kg; 500g per body weighing more than 250kg, with the recovery of bovine body condition and adaptation to the environment, gradually add concentrate.
3.4 castration
Adult bulls or bulls should be castrated half a month before fattening, but younger cows before the age of 2.5 do not cast fat.
3.5 Preparing the feed needed during fattening
Generally, silage is processed and stored in the fall for one-year use or winter use.
Four: Beef cattle fattening method
4.1 Shelf cattle preparation period
Introduce the shelf to the new environment, should rest fully and then feed to avoid binge drinking. The change of feed should be carried out in a small amount of high-quality hay for the first two days, and fed twice a day, and then gradually increase the amount of feed. Feeding the mixed concentrate on the 3rd day, increasing from 0.5% to 1% to 1.5% of the weight of the cow, and then feeding after mixing. Drinking water 1.5~2h after feeding, lean cattle preferentially supply pasture or roughage. At the same time, the feed and feeding methods are selected according to the difference in physique. After the shelf cows enter the market, they are grouped according to gender, variety, age, weight, sensation, etc., and individual records are made. This period is generally 10~15d.
4.2 Feeding techniques during the fattening period
4.2.1 Reasonable mix of diverse forage feed
The roughage of the diet during the fattening period consists of 2 to 4 kinds of forage, and the concentrate consists of 3 to 4 kinds of mixed feeds. It is also necessary to consider the appropriate combination of grass and legume feed.
4.2.2 Prevent sudden changes in forage
The fattening period is short, and it is necessary to maintain a high daily gain, and the forage material should be relatively stable and cannot be changed frequently. Changes in feeding methods during fattening or changes from fresh grass to hay are gradually overdone, usually taking 7-10 days.
4.2.3 Timing Quantitatively Less
Feed 2~3 times a day, and then feed it regularly after drinking. It should also be done with short grass feeding and soft feeding. Pay attention to the observation of cattle feeding, ruminating, defecation, etc. 4.2.4 Drinking water is sufficient and kept clean
When feeding the house, the water is consumed 1.5~2h after feeding, the water quality is required to be fresh and clean, and the warm water in winter is 2~3 times a day. The principle of drinking the foot is small, and the small group fences are free to eat. Drink, always keep fresh and constant water.
4.2.5 Adapt to local conditions, use different feeding methods
According to the actual situation, continuous fattening and concentrated fattening can be adopted. Continuous fattening from the burdock after weaning, transferred to the fattening stage for fattening, until the weight of the slaughter (12-18 months old, weight 400~500kg). This method has high economic benefits because the fattening cattle are in a growth stage with high feed utilization rate and a period of rapid muscle growth. The concentrated fattening in the later period is after the yak is weaned and fed with lower nutrition. First, it is made into a skeleton. When the body weight reaches 250kg or more, the strength is fattened, and the deposition of muscle and fat is increased to improve the meat quality. Up to 450~600kg, the advantages are wide application range, less concentrate consumption and high economic benefit.
Shelf cattle fattening is grazing or roughage feeding from yak weaning. The daily gain is about 0.3kg. After 4-6 months or even 12~14 months, the weight of the hanging shelf reaches 300~350kg. Fertilizer is about 90~120d, so that the weight can reach 400~450kg. This method is to use the cheap forage to make the bovine skeleton and digestive organs fully developed before fattening, and enter the post-fertilization period to improve the nutrient level and fattening. The advantage is that the scope of application is wide, the amount of concentrate used is small, and the economic benefit is high.
Short-term fattening is generally suitable for old disabled cows. It is mainly used for cattle that have been eliminated from cattle, cows and meat cows. The purpose of fattening is to increase fat, improve meat quality, make it tender, and improve the economic value of flavor. Therefore, the feed requires high starch content and proper protein content.
4.3 Reasonable use of weighting agent during fattening period
It is a non-hormone feed additive. It is a biologically active compound produced during the fermentation of streptomycin. The active ingredient is monensin sodium salt. It is suitable for beef cattle weighing more than 180kg. The daily dose is 200mg/head. The additive is fed in a mixed concentrate. According to the experiment, the daily gain can be increased by 11.1%, and the feed conversion rate is increased by 13%.
4.4 Management measures for beef cattle fattening period
Professional fattening farms should be housed in sheds and short ropes. After feeding in the daytime, they will be tied to the playground with a short rope. In the evening, cattle will be placed in the shed and fed 2 to 3 times a day. Brush the body and exercise properly, keep the barn warm and keep it clean. Regularly weigh and check the fattening situation. At the same time, we must also pay attention to observe the health of the cattle and isolate the suspected cattle.
4.5 Out of the line judgment and method
4.5.1 Feed intake
In the late fattening period, the appetite of the cattle will decrease. For the feed intake to be less than 1/3 of the normal amount, after the feeding, the unloved movement can not be restored, and the cows who often sleep quietly can be slaughtered.
4.5.2 Body appearance
Judging from the shape of the fattening cattle part, such as flat and no ditch under the tail root, shoulder, chest, back, waist, upper abdomen, buttocks, etc., the muscles are rich, the fat deposits well, the whole appearance is particularly smooth and full, the muscles are well attached, and It can be released when it is protruding outside and extending downwards.
4.5.3 Market Quotes
Observe and analyze the market conditions, and when the price is stable or rising, it will be released in time.
Five: processing method of beef cattle fattening roughage
5.1 Silage corn
In the autumn, the corn stalks after harvesting the ears are immediately harvested, and the operation is carried out according to the procedures of chopping, filling, compacting and sealing. The sealing can be taken after 20~30 days. Feeding beef cattle with silage corn stalks can improve the utilization of corn stalks and improve the fattening effect.
5.2 Ammonia straw
Cut the straw feed into small pieces of 2~3cm long (except for the stacking method), and use a sealed plastic film or ammoniated ruthenium as a container to use any nitrogen compound of liquid ammonia, ammonia water, urea and ammonium hydrogencarbonate as nitrogen. Source, using 2~3% ammonia in the air-dried straw feed, so that the water content of the straw reaches 20~30%, and the external temperature is 20~30 °C for 7~14d, and the external temperature is 0~10°C. After treatment for 28~56d, the external temperature is 10~20°C for 14~28d, and 30°C or above for 5~7d, so that the straw feed becomes soft and fragrant. The palatability and nutritional value of the straw feed prepared by this method are significantly improved, especially the crude protein content is increased.
5.3 Straw micro-storage  
It is a fermenting technology that utilizes beneficial microorganisms, and after adding high-efficiency compound microorganisms such as cell-decomposing bacteria, yeasts, and organic acid-fermenting bacteria to various crop straws, a large amount of cellulose and lignin are produced by fermentation decomposition of microorganisms in an anaerobic environment. It is converted into sugar, and the sugar is converted into a high-quality feed of lactic acid and fatty acid by yeast organic acid fermentation bacteria. The micro-storage straw is golden yellow with acid and aroma, good taste and easy to digest and absorb, and contains high bacterial protein and bio-digestive enzymes. When storing micro-storage, firstly stalk the straw or straw into 5~8cm long, add microbial starter and ferment according to the instructions.
Improving the level of beef cattle fattening technology can not only increase beef production but also greatly improve economic efficiency. Therefore, it is not only necessary to start from the breeding, breeding management, prevention and control of diseases of beef cattle. At the same time, timely slaughter can also improve the economic benefits of beef and beef quality. I hope this article can help friends who need it. I want to know more about farming techniques. Welcome to the Hui Nong School!
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