As an important natural resource, soil can produce food for humans and maintain the Earth's ecosystem. The quality of soil quality is directly related to the quality and safety of agricultural products, human health and sustainable socio-economic development. In recent years, the view that “the soil quality is declining†has been recognized by a large number of people, and some experts do not fully support this view. Has the soil quality dropped?
Party A: Soil quality, especially fertility quality, has not declined
We need to use a global perspective to comprehensively assess soil quality, and soil quality, especially fertility quality, has not declined. Water, fertilizer, heat and heat balance, the soil that can reach the regulation range is good soil. First of all, we must treat the soil quality under traditional agriculture and the soil quality under the condition of modern agricultural high-intensity regulation of soil traits.
Soil quality refers to the ability of the soil to supply soil moisture and nutrients in an appropriate and long-term manner, maintain a certain aeration, and provide a certain amount of heat for plant growth and development. In the past, humans were not able to regulate soil traits, and agriculture relied mainly on natural forces.
From the development of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture today, human ability to regulate soil traits has been greatly enhanced, and agriculture no longer relies solely on natural forces to support it. Second, with the passage of time, society is developing faster and faster, and human beings are increasingly demanding soil.
In the 1980s, the construction of “tons of grain fields†was quite difficult. Nowadays, especially in areas such as North China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the difficulty of realizing “tons of grain fields†has been greatly reduced. In the past, relying on the natural nutrients provided by soil, microorganisms, etc. to maintain 300 kg of production is not a problem. However, it is now necessary to achieve 2000 kg of production per mu. Natural nutrients cannot be maintained, and nutrients must be supplemented. In the end, it is "the land is smashed, the crops are not long" or is it not as long as people expected?
In addition, if the soil's original nutrients are low, it is difficult for the crop to grow well on this soil even if it is heavily invested in the later stage. Due to the increasing use of chemicals from modern agriculture to the soil, soil pollution, especially heavy metal pollution, and the impact of agricultural chemicals on soil microbes have indeed increased, which requires us to rationally invest in agricultural chemicals, especially fertilizers, to protect the entire The health of the soil ecosystem.
Party B: Degradation of soil biological function
"All things are born in the soil." High-quality soil is one of the prerequisites for the production of high-quality agricultural products. The significance of soil quality to the quality and safety of agricultural products is self-evident. Soil organic matter is not only a source of mineral nutrients and organic nutrients, but also an important factor in the formation of soil structure. Therefore, soil organic matter directly affects soil fertility, water retention, cushioning, tillage and ventilation.
According to statistics, the organic matter content of China's soil is about 1.8%, which is only half of the world average. The total area of ​​soil degradation caused by soil erosion, fertility, salinization, swamping, pollution and acidification is about 460 million hectares. It accounts for 40% of the total land area of ​​the country and is 1/4 of the total area of ​​global soil degradation.
The diagnostic properties of the soil consist of descriptive and analytical properties. Descriptive data is considered “soft†because it cannot be quantified, and often cannot be adequately valued by scientists and technologists. Farmers and other people who use the soil directly understand soil quality through these unquantifiable indicators. See, smell and feel the soil quality.
"Melon is not fragrant, fruit is not sweet" is the direct feeling of many people. Studies in Canada have shown that the vitamin A content of two peaches in 1951 is equivalent to the content of 53 peaches in 2002, and the vitamin A content of one orange is equivalent to 10 oranges in 2002. As far as China is concerned, in 2002, the calcium content of vegetables, fruits, grains, meat and other foods in China decreased by 13% to 86% compared with 1963; the iron content decreased by 7% to 78%.
A corresponding set of data, global soil mineral elements are facing a downward trend, North America fell by 85% in 100 years, South America and Asia fell by 76%.
Due to the decrease of soil mineral elements and the unreasonable fertilization, the content of beneficial phytochemicals such as minerals and vitamins in agricultural products decreased, which directly caused the decline of plant health, decreased resistance to pests and diseases, and increased frequency and quantity of pesticides. The problem of pesticide residues is getting worse. Even in some areas, the long-term high-intensity chemical fertilizers and pesticides are degraded, and the soil biological function is degraded, becoming a “dead†soil.
The second national soil survey has been over for more than 30 years and no new soil survey has been initiated. Although the land, agriculture, and environmental protection departments have carried out national ecological surveys and soil environmental pollution surveys in previous years, there are few biological indicators closely related to soil health.
Extended reading: What you should know about soil quality
Soil quality is the ability of soil to sustain production within the ecosystem interface, to ensure environmental quality, and to promote animal and human health behaviors.
The terms soil quality and soil health are synonymous in the scientific literature. Alternate in scientific publications. Scientists like to use the former, and farmers like to use the latter. With regard to the definition of soil quality, in brief, soil quality is the ability of soil to maintain production within the ecosystem interface, to ensure environmental quality, and to promote animal and human health behaviors.
The American Soil Institute (1995) defines soil quality as: within the boundaries of natural or managed ecosystems, the soil has the persistence of animal and plant production, maintaining and improving water, gas quality, and human health and life. Soil quality refers to the ability of soil to support biological production capacity, purify environmental capacity, and promote the health of animals, plants and humans in certain ecosystems.
How is the soil quality in China raised? See how the academicians analyzed
On the morning of July 6, accompanied by heavy rain outside the window, the “Soil Science and Technology Forum on Soil Environmental Protection and Pollution Prevention and Control†organized by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and other organizations opened in Beijing. Academician Yin Weilun and Academician Wei Fusheng successively stepped onto the podium and made separate speeches for the forum.
Academician Yin Weilun's speech titled: Strategic Thinking on Agricultural Soil Environmental Protection and Pollution Control. He listed a number of data, analyzed the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and film residues, livestock and poultry pollution in agricultural soils, and pointed out that due to "pursuing yield, continuous cropping and excessive application of chemical fertilizers, soil acidification is severe and biological activity is reduced. Soil nutrient conversion is slow, and many open soils have become or are becoming 'steep soils, dead soils'."
The feeling that the data brought to the participants was shocking.
After Yin Weilun’s speech, Academician Wei Fusheng, who was the chief engineer of the China Environmental Monitoring Center, gave a speech: the status quo, problems and countermeasures of soil environmental protection in China. After introducing the importance and urgency of soil environmental protection and pollution prevention, and the experience of foreign soil protection and pollution prevention and control, he said: "Because of the short time of industrialization and urbanization in China, pollutants are in the soil. The cumulative amount is relatively small, and the overall pollution level of the soil is lighter than that of developed countries and regions.
According to the National Soil Pollution Survey Bulletin, China's soil environmental quality is generally good. Among the country's cultivated land, forest land, grassland and unused land, 83.9% of the soil is not polluted, and 11.2% is slightly polluted, accounting for 95.1%. "In the country's cultivated land, 80.6% of the cultivated land was not polluted, 13.7% was slightly polluted, and the two accounted for 94.3%. â€
Wei Fusheng admits that some people have different views on the overall good quality of the soil environment in the country, but "we speak with data after investigation." At the forum, Wei Fusheng not only talked about the overall quality of the soil environment in the country, but also introduced serious soil pollution in some parts of China, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
This article URL: How about soil quality in China? How does soil fertility fall?
Automatic Massage Collapsible Foot Spa Massager
Auto Massage Foldable Foot Spa Massager is a device that provides relaxing and rejuvenating foot massage. It has a collapsible design for easy storage and transport. The massager has multiple massage rollers that target specific pressure points on your feet to deliver a deep tissue massage that helps relieve tension and improve circulation. It also has a heating function that can help soothe sore muscles and promote relaxation. The massager is easy to use and can be controlled with the push of a button. It's a great way to pamper yourself after a long day on your feet or to relieve foot pain and discomfort.
Automatic Massage Collapsible Foot Spa Massager,Folding Foot Bath Machine,Foot Spa,Massager Folding Foot Spa
Huaian Mimir Electric Appliance Co., LTD , https://www.mimirfootspa.com