Most large-scale pig farms not only have about 10% weak seedlings in newborn piglets, but also due to nutritional and management reasons, new weak seedlings will continue to appear within a week of birth, resulting in up to 20% sickness in the delivery room. Pigs, nursery homes up to 30% dead pigs. The poorly managed pig farms have a rate of 5% or less, and well-managed pig farms have less than 3%. Because of their poor physical quality and weak vitality, the weak ones have a low survival rate while increasing the difficulty of management, resulting in the waste of sows and feed, increasing the cost of feeding and management, and reducing the annual productivity of sows. Weak piglets, as susceptible animals in epidemic links, cause pathogenic microorganisms that were originally in a stable state with pigs to infect the weak piglets, causing them to show pathogenicity (endogenous infections), and to pass through the initial living disease. Enhance the virulence, thus breaking the stable state with the herd and triggering the epidemic.
Weak measures
At present, the industry generally adopts judging criteria of birth weight to determine whether the newborn piglets are weak. The author believes that only relying on birth weight to judge whether the newborn piglet is weak is not biased. On the basis of the birth weight, we must also consider whether the umbilical cord of the newborn piglet is thick, whether the umbilical arterial beating is strong, whether the skin is ruddy, and whether the piglet is struggling to feel power in the hand, and whether the arched pimple is powerful when the colostrum is eaten. If the piglets have thick umbilical cords and compete for tits, then even if the piglet's initial weight is less than 1.1kg, it cannot be regarded as weak. While some piglets are born with heavy weight, their skin is pale and their body is weak and weak. Piglets that are qualified for both birth weight and dynamism are considered to be weak in the delivery room due to a variety of causes that cause the piglets to gradually lose weight and become diseased, stiff, disabled, or dead piglets within 1 week after birth. That is, judging whether a piglet is weak should be considered from the aspects of birth weight, vitality and weight and health at one week after birth.
How to reduce the weak in the delivery room?
The reasons for the formation of weak crops are complex, including all aspects of pig production. For example, sows infected with reproductive disorders during pregnancy, lack of placental function in sows, inadequate nutrient supply during the onset of fetuses, improper delivery and midwifery, improper use of drugs, environmental stress, and sows with no milk, milk, or milk Poor quality and so on. This article only discusses the method of reducing the delivery of adolescents in the delivery room from the stage of burping to breastfeeding, nutrition and management.
1, to provide adequate basic nutrition
Two-thirds of the fetal birth weight develops within 1/3 of the second trimester of pregnancy, especially during the 13th to 14th weeks of gestation, before the birth, which is the fastest period of fetal growth. It is also a key period of fetal energy reserve and needs to be given to sows. Provide sufficient energy, protein for the rapid growth of the fetus, reduce the weak piglets caused by insufficient sizing. Adding fat to the high-energy and high-protein diets for sow-feeding and lactating sows can increase the body fat reserves of newborn piglets, increase milk fat content in milk, and greatly reduce piglets becoming weak piglets within one week of birth. The possibility.
2, to provide adequate nutrition and disease resistance
Mammalian fetus nutrition is provided through the maternal placenta, and the function of the placenta is directly related to the normal development and growth of the fetus in the womb. Reproductive nutrition in disease-resistant nutrition plays an important role in the growth and function maintenance of sows' placenta. Zeng Shuqin et al. reported that the placenta efficiency was lower in the first child, and the second to fourth births showed a trend of increasing fetuses, and they began to decline at the fifth birth. Therefore, for the first sow and sows more than 6 need to supplement the reproductive nutrition to promote the growth of the placenta, delay the decline in placental function.
In addition to the large amount of energy and protein required for rapid fetal growth, sows need a lot of immune nutrition and reproductive nutrition to ensure the normal development of the fetus. At the same time, during the later period of pregnancy, the rapid growth of the fetus causes the pregnancy stress to consume a large amount of immune nutrition to resist stress. Especially in hot summer days, in order to disperse sow peripheral telangiectasias and increase blood flow, the corresponding supply of fetal nutrients through the placental capillaries falls, and additional nutritional supplements are needed to meet the needs of the fetus. At the same time, more nutrition is needed to fight heat stress.
Long-term, severe constipation and gastrointestinal dysfunction in sows during pregnancy result in the body not being able to effectively absorb the nutrients in the diet to feed the fetus and cause weak growth. The hard dung ball accumulates in the intestines and oppresses the uterus and umbilical cord, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the fetus. Hard dung ball also scratches the birth canal, increasing the possibility of dystocia and stagnation. Intestinal nutrition plays an important role in maintaining and restoring the normal function of the intestine, relieving constipation, increasing the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the feed, and ensuring the fetus to obtain adequate and comprehensive nutrition.
The piglets' immune system is incomplete and relies on maternal immunity to fight the disease. Supplementation of enteral nutrition, immune nutrition, and reproductive nutrition during sow feeding and lactation can increase the absorption and utilization of nutrients in feed, and increase maternal antibodies and disease-resistant nutrition in colostrum and conventional milk. In order to strengthen the piglets' own resistance and reduce the risk of infectious diseases. Reduce sick and weak piglets caused by poor piglet resistance and susceptible diseases.
3, do a good job of delivery and midwifery sows
Hysteresis often causes the fetus to pass through the birth canal for a long time, and the umbilical cord is completely or partially closed, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the fetus. Silly fetuses appear due to hypoxia in the brain, the skin is pale, and limbs are weak and weak. After birth, they will not look for nipples and will not eat milk. Become a weak piglet. In the actual production of sows, oxytocin midwifery is usually used in sows after they have produced 1 to 5 piglets, causing severe contractions of the uterus. Unexpected fetuses are excessively compressed in the uterus and can easily cause umbilical cord rupture. Once the umbilical cord breaks, the piglets that have not yet been produced are often suffocated in the uterus due to lack of oxygen, or become white litters, suspended and fat piglets. It has been proven that the use of oxytocin for midwifery will lead to an increase in weak piglets.
Scientific midwifery should be carried out around enhancing the sow's physical strength, promoting uterine contraction, and increasing amniotic fluid. When the sows show signs of stagnation and dystocia (without producing a fetus at 30 minutes intervals), the uterine cavity is quickly filled with 100 ml of uterine inflammation; if the sow is weak and weak, it is necessary to infuse the solution in time: First bottle: Oxfam Star, metronidazole and other anti-anaerobic bacteria antibiotic + Vc20ml + saline 500ml; second bottle: Chinese medicine immune enhancer + compound multidimensional 20ml + 10% glucose 500ml. Through these two measures, it can increase the amniotic fluid, strong analgesia, promote uterine contraction, increase the sow's physical strength, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, and reduce weak piglets caused by delayed production and postpartum infection.
4, strengthen the piglet feeding management
Colostrum should be eaten immediately after birth, and colostrum has high levels of immunoglobulin. Eating leg colostrum is the most important source of early disease resistance in piglets. The high acidity of colostrum is good for digestion and absorption and can promote the discharge of meconium. Piglets are fixed on the piglets within 2-3 days after the birth of the piglet. The function of body temperature regulation of newborn piglets is not perfect, and the heat preservation work of piglets must be done. The most suitable ambient temperature is 29 to 35°C for 0 to 3 days and 25 to 29°C for 3 to 7 days. The piglets are iron supplemented and selenium supplemented 1 to 3 days after birth; long-acting antibiotics without immunosuppression are used for disease prevention and treatment. Reducing the piglet's birth due to disease infection within one week of birth and improper use of drugs, resulting in weak piglets.
summary
Pigs are multi-fetal animals and inevitably produce weak larvae. This is a common phenomenon in the evolution of multiple-species species. The reasons for the formation of the weak are complicated. To reduce the weak and weak in the delivery room, and control it in an appropriate proportion, prevention should be done in every link where the weak is born. For the treatment of hopeless weak piglets should be eliminated as soon as possible so as not to harm the herd and increase production costs. From the point of view of nutrition and management, supplementing disease-resistant nutrition in the late pregnancy and lactation plays a crucial role in reducing the weak in the delivery room.
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