Causes of melon malformed melons

In melon production, due to poor management of fertilizers and water, poor fertilization, excessive concentration of plant growth regulators, low ground temperature, etc., sometimes sharp heads and umbilicus tipped melons, or a flat, one side An arched, humpback-shaped humpback melon, or gourd melon with a central depression, a small head, a large umbilicus, and a gourd shaped like a gourd, or an arched melon with one side bowing inwards and one side arched outwards like a bow Etc., affecting the yield and commodity of melon. In the cultivation, prevention must be done in advance through comprehensive measures such as strengthening fertilizer and water management, assisting pollination, and properly using plant growth regulators.

First, the cause

1, improper management of fertilizer and water. The main reasons that lead to the weak nutrition of melon: First, the supply of fertilizer is insufficient, especially the base fertilizer and the topdressing after flowering are insufficient, it is easy to form a weak strain. The second is the lack of water. The seedlings take a long time to form a stiff seedling. It takes a long time to restore growth, which limits the establishment of a plant nutrient system. In addition, during the fruit enlargement period, the water supply is insufficient due to the different parts of the fruit as nutrients and moisture. Different competitive abilities have led to the lack of water in the vulnerable embryos and the growth has been hindered to form malformed melons. Third, the plant diseases and insect pests lead to poor plant growth, such as the virus disease and aphid damage. After the plants get sick, they grow slowly and the vegetative bodies become smaller. It is very difficult to sit on melons. Even sitting on melons is often a malformed melon.

2, poor fertilization. After full pollination and fertilization, melons produce large amounts of auxin and promote fruit enlargement. If the fertilization is poor and auxin production is insufficient, it will lose the competitive advantage of nutrient absorption and lead to the formation of malformed melons. Cause melon fertilization bad reasons: First, the plant vegetative weak, ovary hypoplasia, even under normal fertilization conditions are also easy to form a deformed melon. The second is less pollinating insects, and the probability of melon pollination is not high or pollination is insufficient. Third, due to unfavorable environmental factors such as high temperature and dry fruiting during flowering and setting, pollen vigor is reduced, and the quality of pollination and fertilization is reduced.

3, the ground temperature is low. Melon fruit grows rapidly during fruit enlargement period, and there are both yin and yang on the fruit surface. The sun surface has good light conditions and sufficient heat. The dark side can't receive light, and the ground temperature is lower than the temperature. Therefore, the growth and development of both the yin and yang of the same melon is uneven and the probability of forming malformed melons is increased. Increase.

4. The concentration of growth regulators is too high. Melon production, due to low temperatures, rainy weather, air humidity, sitting hard, sometimes use plant growth regulator treatment to promote sitting melon, but strict requirements on the operation, the concentration in addition to the temperature, variety, but not spray, dip or smear is not Uniform, or the use of high concentrations, easy to form deformed melon.

Second, prevention measures

1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Should apply adequate basal fertilizer, general medium fertility application of high quality manure 3000-4000 kg, cake fertilizer 100 kilograms, superphosphate 80 kilograms, plant ash 50 kilograms, ternary compound fertilizer 15 to 20 kilograms. In the case of sufficient basal fertilizer, seedlings are generally no longer top-dressing, after flowering and fruit set top dressing, generally from the time after planting melon to flowering, can be combined with irrigation stretch water fertilizer, dissolved fertilizer in water, per acre DAP 10 kg , 3 kg of urea and 3 kg of potassium sulfate, if sufficient base fertilizer, plant growth is strong, can not stretch vine spread. Into the expansion of the guaranty period, the need for increased fat, can be combined with swelled melon water, divided into 2 times per acre with 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of urea. However, do not apply fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer in the late fruit enlargement period. In addition, it can also be combined with pest control for foliar dressing, foliar fertilizer is mainly potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, etc., spray once every 7 to 10 days, and even spray 2 or 3 times.

In terms of water management, seedlings should be properly grown to promote root growth, but the seedlings should not be grown too long. Otherwise, it will be easy to form a stiff seedling, which will affect the vegetative growth of melons in the later period. After the pruning to the end of the fruit expansion period, sufficient guarantee should be made. Water supply promotes its vegetative growth and fruit enlargement.

2, using insect pollination. The effect of stocking bees in melon fields is significant. Generally, a box of bees can be stocked in every 50 to 90 mu of melon field. In the full flowering period of melons, the bees mostly have frequent activities in the morning and in the evening when the temperature is low. In the morning and early evening, due to the appropriate temperature, the blooming flowers, the strong pollen activity, the good pollination effect, and the quality of fertilization are greatly improved. Note that honey should be harvested in time at the flowering stage of melon to prevent the bees from being lazy and unable to increase the effect of pollination.

3, artificial pollination. On the day of the opening day of female flowers, from 9 to 11 o'clock in the morning, when the temperature is above 20°C, select the newly opened male flower and confirm that it has begun to loosen the powder. Remove and remove the corolla to reveal the stamens that can disperse the powder, and gently align the stigmas on the female flowers. A few times, apply the pollen evenly to the stigma. The effective pollination time of melon is from flowering to within 5 to 6 hours after flowering. The pollination time is short, so the pollination of female flowers should be timely. Usually, a male flower pollinates only one female flower; if there are few male flowers, one male flower can coat 3 to 4 female flowers, but not more. In addition to picking male flowers to pollinate the female flower, you can also use a brush to wipe the pollen on the stigma. Do not injure the stigma when pollinating.

4, the correct use of plant growth regulators to protect the fruit. Commonly used in the production of muskmelon protection fruit regulator is 0.1% clopidazole (also known as pyrazole 2nd, strong sitting Gua Ling), 10 milligrams per bag of powder. The amount of water is related to the temperature in the greenhouse. The temperature is less than 12 °C watered 500 to 600 grams, 13 to 25 °C watered 750 to 1000 grams, 26 to 30 °C watered 1250 to 1500 grams, 30 °C above watered 1750 ~ 2000 grams. On the day of opening, or on the day before and after the female flower opening, dip the melon feces with water-diluted liquid medicine once (2 to 3 seconds for dipping), or use a small sprayer to evenly spray the melon. In terms of time, it should be noted that dipping the melons into the dilute solution should be done before 9:30 am to 3 pm after the morning fog. Under the dripping pill under the melon fetus, prevent deformity caused by excessive local liquid. If the dip is soaked before 9 o'clock in the morning and after 3 o'clock in the afternoon, due to the large mist (especially in the shed), the young fruit (gut feces) will easily cause water droplets, causing unevenness of the melon surface liquid and causing abnormalities. . To prevent the occurrence of hollow fruit, do not repeat treatment. In addition to clopyridil, tomato spirits, anti-dropping agents and the like can also be used. In addition to spraying flowers or scenting flowers, you can also apply stalks with a brush, liquid, and do not apply ovary.

5, enhance pollen vitality. The first is to cultivate robust plants, form a powerful nutrient system, provide sufficient nutrients for pollen development, and second, overcome adverse environmental factors. The most important method in production is reasonable irrigation, especially during the flowering period, sufficient water supply should be ensured, and the field's micro-climate should be improved by the evaporation of water in the field, which can not only reduce the field temperature, but also increase the humidity in the field. To maintain the long-term vitality of pollen provides a good ecological conditions.

6, turn melon, cover melon and pad melon. Melon can significantly improve the commercial quality of melon, improve the quality of melon, while the melon on all sides evenly heated by light, uniform growth and development, reduce the production of melon melon. Folding melon time is best when the melon weight is about 0.5 kilograms. It is easy to make melons hurt when it is too small. It is very difficult to restore the melon in a short period of time. The interval between the melons should not be too long to prevent the new negative face from being produced. The labor force allowed it to turn over once a day in 7 days. Each melon will turn 3 to 4 times during the growth period. If the melon fruit is ripe during sunny days and the light is strong, in order to prevent the fruit surface from being burned by the scorching sun, cover the grass on the Guoyang surface. If the melon fruit matures with more rain, it can be planted in the grass, unpaved melon land, but also in the fruit under the temporary padding grass or wheat grass to reduce rotten melon.

7, reasonable fruit. The time for choosing to stay in the melon should be kept when the baby's egg size starts to expand rapidly. It is too early to look at the pros and cons of baby larvae and waste the nutrients of young larvae to grow up too late. Select the criteria for keeping the young larvae, should be selected young cucumis fresh color, shape well-proportioned, slightly longer at both ends, no trauma, fruit handle longer, thick, young cucumis small melon. For melon seats too close, the fruit is too small, malformed melon, fruit, rotten fruit must be promptly removed. The malformed melons should be removed after the malformed melons are formed. The consumption of nutrients is limited. At this time, the shoot tips have not yet stopped growing. They have little effect on the roots, leaves and other vegetative organs, which is conducive to the formation of the second batch of flowers and can be sat down in time. The second batch of melons. If the malformed melon grows when it grows up, because a lot of nutrients have been consumed, stem tips and leaves have stopped growing. In order to restore the growth of the shoot tips, new male and female flowers need a longer time to restore growth. , And depending on the weather conditions and soil nutrient conditions at the time, the harvest period of the second batch of melons was delayed, increasing the risk of late frost damage. In addition, the melons should be thoroughly removed, and melons that are in the range of malformed melons should be removed at one time. Do not leave them until the second batch of melons are removed. Otherwise, the deformed melons consume a lot of nutrients, causing excessive damage to the plants and increasing knots. The difficulty of the second batch of melons. When removing the malformed melon in the field, pay attention not to damage the stems and leaves, but also pay attention to the malformed melons hidden in the leaves, and cannot do the leaking. In addition, the standard for judging the malformed melons should be strict in the early stage and be properly relaxed in the later stage (because it is too late to sit. Melon is difficult, even if the second batch of melons that can be knotted has not matured normally.

8, control of pests and diseases. Prevention of virus disease must first cure aphids, optional 20% fenvalerate EC 2000 ~ 3000 times or 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 times and other spray control. Virus disease can be selected in the early onset of 20% hydrochloric acid morpholinium copper wettable powder 500 times, or 1.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate EC 800 to 1000 times, mushroom proteoglycan 300 times and other spray control.

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