Release date: 2016-04-13
Image source: medicalxpress.com
-- More than half of the cells in our brain are made up of glial cells that can wrap around nerve fibers and promote their insulation, allowing electrical impulses and chemical pulses to pass quickly; scientists have long believed that glial cells It is very necessary, and it is also a "passive helper" for nerve cells, but researchers from Rockefeller Labs have recently provided convincing evidence through research that researchers have found that glial cells play very much in the brain. Active and dynamic roles, related research published in the international magazine Cell .
The researchers point out that glial cells can control the shape of specific nerve endings through an unknown molecular mechanism in which nerve cells help determine the shape of the neuronal cells it is connected to, and current researchers The mechanism of neuronal shape determination is unclear; the researchers studied the glial cells of Caenorhabditis elegans, which can surround the nerve endings of 12 neurons in the worm body, one of which is chemically induced. The neurons (thermosensory neuron) respond to temperature, and the rest of the neurons respond to odors; researchers want to know how glial cells regulate the shape of the neurons.
Subsequent research by the researchers found that glial cells can express an ion transporter called KCC-3, especially on the surface of chemosensory neurons, in such a way that glial cells will affect It also maintains the shape of the chemosensory neuronal terminals without affecting the shape of other neuronal terminals. KCC-3 can affect the function and shape of chemically-induced neurons. Under normal circumstances, it will find similar sites, but when scientists engineered KCC-3 inactivated nematodes, they found that these nematodes did not Will migrate to the culture temperature you like.
Researcher Shaham said that this suggests that the local concentration of ions affects the shape of the nerve endings, KCC-3 regulates the extracellular levels of chlorides, and then controls the shape and function of neurons, which was previously unknown to researchers. How cytoplasmic cells modulate the shape of neurons with special ions to "communicate" with neurons. Researchers speculate that glial cells may use ions to shape and maintain multiple types of neurons.
In another study published in the journal Cell Reports , researcher Shaham and colleagues revealed that glial cells can control the shape of many neuronal terminals in the nematode's body, suggesting additional shaping pathways. Awaiting subsequent studies, the researchers' findings suggest that glial cells can express ion transporters only on specific types of neurons that interact with them to regulate the shape of nerve endings, if this mechanism can be widely used Explaining the mechanisms by which glial cells selectively affect specific neurons, future researchers may use this to develop new therapies for treating diseases.
Source: Bio Valley
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