If your car is running out of energy, you might call for roadside assistance or kindly bystanders. When the "energy" of damaged neurons is about to run out, a new study finds that the energy-generating mitochondria calls a different brain cell, the astrocyte, for help. These cells respond by donating additional mitochondria to endangered neurons. Although the discovery is still in its infancy, scientists say it may be a new way to help patients recover from stroke or other brain damage.
“This is a very interesting and important study because it describes a new mechanism by which astrocytes protect neurons.†Neurobiologist at the Rabin Institute of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv, Israel, did not participate in the study. Reuven Stein said.
In order to ensure the brain's highly concentrated information transmission work, neurons need a large number of mitochondria - a "power plant" that produces a molecular fuel adenosine triphosphate that ensures cell activity and transport capacity. Mitochondria in neurons must be replaced frequently, that is, self-replicating in a manner called fission, whose organelles are originally derived from microorganisms that are captured within the cell and have a symbiotic relationship with them. But if the mitochondria are damaged or unable to maintain a cell's needs, then the energy supply will be exhausted, leading to cell death.
In 2014, scientists published the first evidence that cells can transmit mitochondria in the brain, but it seems to be more similar to discarding “garbageâ€. When neurons exclude damaged mitochondria, astrocytes devour them to break down. Neurologists of the Massachusetts General Hospital in Charleston, England, Eng Lo and Kazuhide Hayakawa, hope to understand whether this transmission mechanism can be carried out through other channels, that is, astrocytes donate to the mitochondria that are still operating to neurons at the edge of collapse. Other team research supports this view. For example, a 2012 study found that bone marrow-derived stem cells can provide mitochondria to severely damaged lung cells.
![[Shock] Neurons also have "chargers": astrocytes help restore brain damage patients](http://i.bosscdn.com/blog/20/16/08/09093128743_.jpg)
Studies have found that when neurons are damaged, astrocytes can act by donating energy to the cell energy "generator" mitochondria.
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